Engineering Biomaterials to Direct Innate Immunity

Oakes, Robert S.; Froimchuk, Eugene; Jewell, Christopher M.

doi:10.1002/adtp.201800157

Cited by 34 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…On the one side, infectious diseases and cancer rise due to immune responses of not adequate quality and quantity, while autoimmune diseases rooted in the heightened immune system are on the other side. Biomaterials science can approach poor immunity by immunogenic or antigen-loaded or coated microneedles and bring us better immune responses, as by tolerogenic or self-antigen-loaded nanoparticles to modulate inflammatory responses in the case of autoimmunity [ 157 ].…”

Section: Biomaterials To Surpass Covid-19-related Immunological Disormentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosensing surfaces and therapeutic biomaterials for the central nervous system in COVID-19

Saghazadeh

Rezaei

2021

emergent mater.

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COVID-19 can affect the central nervous system (CNS) indirectly by inflammatory mechanisms and even directly enter the CNS. Thereby, COVID-19 can evoke a range of neurosensory conditions belonging to infectious, inflammatory, demyelinating, and degenerative classes. A broad range of non-specific options, including anti-viral agents and anti-inflammatory protocols, is available with varying therapeutic. Due to the high mortality and morbidity in COVID-19–related brain damage, some changes to these general protocols, however, are necessary for ensuring the delivery of therapeutic(s) to the specific components of the CNS to meet their specific requirements. The biomaterials approach permits crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and drug delivery in a more accurate and sustained manner. Beyond the BBB, drugs can protect neural cells, stimulate endogenous stem cells, and induce plasticity more effectively. Biomaterials for cell delivery exist, providing an efficient tool to improve cell retention, survival, differentiation, and integration. This paper will review the potentials of the biomaterials approach for the damaged CNS in COVID-19. It mainly includes biomaterials for promoting synaptic plasticity and modulation of inflammation in the post-stroke brain, extracellular vesicles, exosomes, and conductive biomaterials to facilitate neural regeneration, and artificial nerve conduits for treatment of neuropathies. Also, biosensing surfaces applicable to the first sensory interface between the host and the virus that encourage the generation of accelerated anti-viral immunity theoretically offer hope in solving COVID-19.

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Section: Biomaterials To Surpass Covid-19-related Immunological Disormentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosensing surfaces and therapeutic biomaterials for the central nervous system in COVID-19

Saghazadeh

Rezaei

2021

emergent mater.

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“…8 Examples of such signals include motifs in viruses or bacteria, or proteins released from cells due to membrane damage. Host cells express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect danger signals known as pathogenassociated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).…”

Section: Phages Activate Both the Innate And Adaptive Immune Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Host cells express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect danger signals known as pathogenassociated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). 8 Examples of such signals include motifs in viruses or bacteria, or proteins released from cells due to membrane damage. One set of PRRs, toll-like receptors (TLRs), is specifically known to recognize bacterial and viral products.…”

Section: Phages Activate Both the Innate And Adaptive Immune Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage display as a tool for vaccine and immunotherapy development

Hess

Jewell

2019

Bioengineering & Transla Med

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria and coopt the cellular machinery to create more phage proteins, eventually resulting in the release of new phage particles. Phages are heavily utilized in bioengineering for applications ranging from tissue engineering scaffolds to immune signal delivery. Of specific interest to vaccines and immunotherapies, phages have demonstrated an ability to activate both the innate and adaptive immune systems. The genome of these viral particles can be harnessed for DNA vaccination, or the surface proteins can be exploited for antigen display. More specifically, genes that encode an antigen of interest can be spliced into the phage genome, allowing antigenic proteins or peptides to be displayed by fusion to phage capsid proteins. Phages therefore present antigens to immune cells in a highly ordered and repetitive manner. This review discusses the use of phage with adjuvanting activity as antigen delivery vehicles for vaccination against infectious disease and cancer. K E Y W O R D S bacteriophage, biomaterials, drug delivery, immunology, nanotechnology, phage display, vaccine 1 | INTRODUCTION Bacteriophages, or phages, are prokaryotic viruses that specifically infect bacteria, and are the most abundant life form on earth. 1 Phages were first discovered in the early 20th century and noted for their antibacterial activity. The practice of administering phages (i.e., phage therapy) to patients suffering from bacterial infections began shortly after their discovery, but was controversial largely due to lack of mechanistic knowledge and variable success rates. In fact, the treatment was largely abandoned upon the discovery of antibiotics. 2 Research in this field was reenergized, however, following the development of phage display systems in 1985. 3 George Smith, a chemist at the University of Missouri, demonstrated fusion of peptides to the outer (i.e., capsid) proteins of phages enabling surface display. This work, for which Smith shared a Nobel Prize in 2018, laid the ground work for affinity selection, epitope mapping, and antibody discovery. Since this time, phages have been an important tool for the bioengineering field, exploited for a range of applications including theranostics, 4 batteries, 5,6 drug delivery, 7 and vaccine development. 1Phages are one of many nanotechnologies being investigated for these applications. This review will focus on the advantages that phages provide to the nanomedicine field, specifically vaccination and immunotherapy. Nanomedicine ranges from diagnostics to treatments and relies on the fields of biomedical and chemical engineering,

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“…Thus, the NPs containing TLR4 and TLR9 favored T H 2 responses, while codelivery of TLR7/8 and TLR9 agonists favored a T H 1 response . Similar strategies have also been used to deliver coencapsulated ligands and antigens for generating pathogen clearing immune responses …”

Section: Biomaterials Enable Analysis Of Immune Signaling Through Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomaterials as Tools to Decode Immunity

Eppler¹,

Jewell

2019

Advanced Materials

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The immune system has remarkable capabilities to combat disease with exquisite selectivity. This feature has enabled vaccines that provide protection for decades and, more recently, advances in immunotherapies that can cure some cancers. Greater control over how immune signals are presented, delivered, and processed will help drive even more powerful options that are also safe. Such advances will be underpinned by new tools that probe how immune signals are integrated by immune cells and tissues. Biomaterials are valuable resources to support this goal, offering robust, tunable properties. The growing role of biomaterials as tools to dissect immune function in fundamental and translational contexts is highlighted. These technologies can serve as tools to understand the immune system across molecular, cellular, and tissue length scales. A common theme is exploiting biomaterial features to rationally direct how specific immune cells or organs encounter a signal. This precision strategy, enabled by distinct material properties, allows isolation of immunological parameters or processes in a way that is challenging with conventional approaches. The utility of these capabilities is demonstrated through examples in vaccines for infectious disease and cancer immunotherapy, as well as settings of immune regulation that include autoimmunity and transplantation.

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Engineering Biomaterials to Direct Innate Immunity

Cited by 34 publications

References 122 publications

Biosensing surfaces and therapeutic biomaterials for the central nervous system in COVID-19

Biosensing surfaces and therapeutic biomaterials for the central nervous system in COVID-19

Phage display as a tool for vaccine and immunotherapy development

Biomaterials as Tools to Decode Immunity

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