Cell‐Based Delivery Systems: Emerging Carriers for Immunotherapy

Li, Zhaoting; Wang, Yixin; Ding, Yingyue; Repp, Lauren; Kwon, Glen S.; Hu, Quanyin

doi:10.1002/adfm.202100088

Cited by 70 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 325 publications

(241 reference statements)

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“…Engineered bacteria or cells as drug delivery carriers are playing a more and more important role in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors [ 50 , 51 ]. This study combines anaerobic bacteria with nanotechnology to construct a bacteria/nanoparticles biohybrids for delivery of chemotherapeutic agent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria-driven hypoxia targeting delivery of chemotherapeutic drug proving outcome of breast cancer

et al. 2022

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Local hypoxia is a common feature of many solid tumors and may lead to unsatisfactory chemotherapy outcomes. Anaerobic bacteria that have an affinity to hypoxic areas can be used to achieve targeted drug delivery in tumor tissues. In this study, we developed a biocompatible bacteria/nanoparticles biohybrid (Bif@DOX-NPs) platform that employs the anaerobic Bifidobacterium infantis (Bif) to deliver adriamycin-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (DOX-NPs) into breast tumors. The Bif@DOX-NPs retained the targeting ability of B. infantis to hypoxic regions, as well as the cytotoxicity of DOX. The biohybrids were able to actively colonize the hypoxic tumors and significantly increased drug accumulation at the tumor site. The DOX concentration in the tumor masses colonized by Bif@DOX-NPs was 4 times higher than that in the free DOX-treated tumors, which significantly prolonged the median survival of the tumor-bearing mice to 69 days and reduced the toxic side-effects of DOX. Thus, anaerobic bacteria-based biohybrids are a highly promising tool for the targeted treatment of solid tumors with inaccessible hypoxic regions. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria-driven hypoxia targeting delivery of chemotherapeutic drug proving outcome of breast cancer

et al. 2022

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“…Inspired by these biological processes, considerable effort has been devoted to leverage natural mammalian cells for use as delivery platforms. [97] Synthetic delivery systems or artificial nanocarriers may cause adverse effects arising from issues of biocompatibility. [98] In contrast, cell-derived systems originate from nature, and as such display good biocompatibility and favorable safety profiles.…”

Section: Cell-inspired Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired and Biomimetic Delivery Platforms for Cancer Vaccines

et al. 2021

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However, despite the recent success of ICB and CAR-T therapies in cancer clinical trials, these approaches still face limitations as only a small fraction of patients derive clinical benefit. [4] ICB therapy cannot prime the immune system to specifically recognize or target tumor cells. This approach only works on related inhibitory signaling pathways, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and exerts therapeutic efficacy when antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are already present. [5] Successful treatment outcomes will therefore require the identification of predictive biomarkers to ascertain if the host tumor will respond to ICB therapeutics administered. [6] Although CAR-T has seen remarkable success in hematological malignancies, response rates of patients with solid tumors remain low. [7] Clinical applications of CAR-T therapies are limited due to on-target/off-tumor toxicities and the need for predefined tumor antigen (Ag). [8] Notwithstanding, the marked progress of immunotherapy using ICB and CAR-T has seen a surge of reinvigorated interest in cancer vaccine development. [9] Cancer vaccines involve the administration of tumor Ags and/or adjuvants to train the immune system to recognize and attack tumor cells. [10] Although vaccines against infectious diseases have been one of the greatest medical accomplishments of modern medicine, the application of vaccines in cancer treatment has seen far lesser success, and, till date only few cancer vaccines have received approval for clinical use. [11] Given their Cancer vaccines aim at eliciting tumor-specific responses for the immune system to identify and eradicate malignant tumor cells while sparing the normal tissues. Furthermore, cancer vaccines can potentially induce long-term immunological memory for antitumor responses, preventing metastasis and cancer recurrence, thus presenting an attractive treatment option in cancer immunotherapy. However, clinical efficacy of cancer vaccines has remained low due to longstanding challenges, such as poor immunogenicity, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, tumor heterogeneity, inappropriate immune tolerance, and systemic toxicity. Recently, bioinspired materials and biomimetic technologies have emerged to play a part in reshaping the field of cancer nanomedicine. By mimicking desirable chemical and biological properties in nature, bioinspired engineering of cancer vaccine delivery platforms can effectively transport therapeutic cargos to tumor sites, amplify antigen and adjuvant bioactivities, and enable spatiotemporal control and on-demand immunoactivation. As such, integration of biomimetic designs into delivery platforms for cancer vaccines can enhance efficacy while retaining good safety profiles, which contributes to expediting the clinical translation of cancer vaccines. Recent advances in bioinspired delivery platforms for cancer vaccines, existing obstacles faced, as well as insights and future directions for the field are discu...

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“…Using the body's own cells as a vehicle is advantageous because autologous cells are not only incomparably biocompatible, but they also have a built-in mechanism to move between tissues and navigate long distances around the body [88]. In order to avoid damage to the carrier cells by the loaded drugs, the drug loading rate of the cells must be limited [3].…”

Section: Nature Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Nanoparticles for Smart Drug Delivery: A Review

et al. 2021

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Nanoparticle delivery systems have good application prospects in the treatment of various diseases, especially in cancer treatment. The effect of drug delivery is regulated by the properties of nanoparticles. There have been many studies focusing on optimizing the structure of nanoparticles in recent years, and a series of achievements have been made. This review summarizes the optimization strategies of nanoparticles from three aspects—improving biocompatibility, increasing the targeting efficiency of nanoparticles, and improving the drug loading rate of nanoparticles—aiming to provide some theoretical reference for the subsequent drug delivery of nanoparticles.

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Cell‐Based Delivery Systems: Emerging Carriers for Immunotherapy

Cited by 70 publications

References 325 publications

Bacteria-driven hypoxia targeting delivery of chemotherapeutic drug proving outcome of breast cancer

Bacteria-driven hypoxia targeting delivery of chemotherapeutic drug proving outcome of breast cancer

Bioinspired and Biomimetic Delivery Platforms for Cancer Vaccines

Optimization of Nanoparticles for Smart Drug Delivery: A Review

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