Cefquinome Controlled Size Submicron Particles Precipitation by SEDS Process Using Annular Gap Nozzle

Abstract

An annular gap nozzle was applied in solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS) process to prepare cefquinome controlled size submicron particles so as to enhance their efficacy. Analysis results of orthogonal experiments indicated that the concentration of solution was the primary factor to affect particle sizes in SEDS process, and feeding speed of solution, precipitation pressure, and precipitation temperature ranked second to fourth. Meanwhile, the optimal operating conditions were that solution concentration was 100 mg/mL, feeding speed was 9 mL/min, precipitation pressure was 10 MPa, and precipitation temperature was 316 K. The confirmatory experiment showed that D50 of processed cefquinome particles in optimal operating conditions was 0.73 μm. Moreover, univariate effect analysis showed that the cefquinome particle size increased with the increase of concentration of the solution or precipitation pressure but decreased with the increase of solution feeding speed. When precipitation temperature increased, the cefquinome particle size showed highest point. Moreover, characterization of processed cefquinome particles was analyzed by SEM, FT-IR, and XRD. Analysis results indicated that the surface appearance of processed cefquinome particles was flakes. The chemical structure of processed cefquinome particles was not changed, and the crystallinity of processed cefquinome particles was a little lower than that of raw cefquinome particles.

Solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids: an ecofriendly nanonization approach for processing biomaterials and pharmaceutical compounds

“…In this vein, various designs of atomizer have been developed, such as coaxial nozzles, internal twin-fluid mixing nozzles, four-pinhole nozzle, and an annular gap nozzle. 55,57 In addition, tremendous progress has been evidenced by the advancements of SEDS in enhancing the efficiency of particle formation and overcoming the processing damage issues. Other variants (Figure 1) of the SEDS process include solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids -prefilming atomization, solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids with enhanced mass transfer, and suspension-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SpEDS).…”

“…Moreover, this approach is highly advantageous over others because the distance within the annular gap of the nozzle can be adjusted based on the particle size requirement. 57…”

“…56 These specially designed devices (ie, atomizers) efficiently atomize a solution of active substances, intensify its mixing with the SCF in the nozzle, and enhance the mass transfer rates between them for fine particle formation. 56,57,63 The solution that is intended to be atomized is initially driven along a coaxial annular passage resulting in a thin swirl film at a thickness of 10 μm. The SC-CO 2 stream for atomization then impinges the formed thin swirl film at the tip of the atomizer and generates shear forces which disintegrate the film into ultrafine droplets.…”

Optimization of process parameters for preparation of polystyrene PM2.5 particles by supercritical antisolvent method using BBD-RSM

“…Santiago et al 23 prepared polymeric matrix of Apparatus. The SAS experiments were carried out in the SAS equipment developed by our team independently 26 . Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the apparatus and the structure of the nozzle is presented in Fig.…”