“…In a study of porous carbons, Thomas and Williams [ 42] have detected a disturbance they attributed to a high pressure TMF effect although further study seems warranted. These effects, which are attributed to temperature gradients as small as 0.01°C/cm at the gas-solid interface, have received further attention in the form of cavity forces [231,232]. Finally, new designs for furnaces have been postulated [233] to minimize the force from TMF by directing it orthogonally to the vertical hangdown suspension.…”