Causes of cancer in the world: comparative risk assessment of nine behavioural and environmental risk factors

Danaei, Goodarz; Hoorn, Stephen Vander; Lopez, Alan D; Murray, Christopher J L; Ezzati, Majid

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67725-2

Cited by 1,185 publications

(901 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…While smaller studies have shown some association (Danaei et al, 2005;Assi et al, 2013), other large studies conducted in the Western population have not confirmed this association (Hankinson et al, 1997;Marchbanks et al, 2002;Hannaford et al, 2007;Vessey and Yeates, 2013). These and another study done in the United States also did not show any effect of race, duration, dose and age of starting contraception on development of breast cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Theoretically, several factors such as familial genetic mutations, alcohol use, obesity and physical inactivity (ABCSG, 2000;Carmichael and Bates, 2004;Assi et al, 2013) (Danaei et al, 2005;Assi et al, 2013). Estrogen exposure can be endogenous (including early menarche, late menopause, late age at first childbirth) or exogenous, mainly due to OCPs or hormone replacement therapy (Organization;Zhang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Oral Contraceptives, Abortion and Breast Cancer Risk: a Case Control Study in Saudi Arabia

Karim

Baeshen²,

Neamatullah³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Contraceptives, Abortion and Breast Cancer Risk: a Case Control Study in Saudi Arabia

Karim

Baeshen²,

Neamatullah³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…the corresponding percentages in high-income countries are about 70% and 30%, respectively (Danaei et al, 2005 ). A recent study estimated that around 70% of oral and pharyngeal cancers in men and around 55% in women in the UK in 2010 were caused by smoking tobacco .…”

Section: Tobacco and Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Cancer Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Dentists in Khartoum State, Sudan

Ahmed

Naidoo

2017

J Canc Educ

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The incidence of oral cancer is rising in the Sudan. Detecting oral cancer at an early stage is the most effective means of improving survival and reducing morbidity from disease. Aim:The aim of the present study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of dentists related to oral cancer prevention and early detection in public dental clinics in Khartoum State, Sudan. Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional survey using an administered structured questionnaire was carried out. The questionnaire consisted of 28 questions that included the key areas of oral cancer prevention and early detection. A sample of 130 dental practitioners was requested to participate in the study. Results:The response rate was 86.92%. The majority were female (68.1%) between the ages of 20 -40 years old. The majority were aware of the major risk factors and the most common presentations of oral cancer. About two thirds (63.7%) perceived that their knowledge on oral cancer was current. However, almost a third (35.4.6%) reported that they had sufficient knowledge concerning oral cancer prevention. More than half (54 percent) reported that they do not carry out any special examination to detect oral cancer in asymptomatic patients. Two thirds (66.3%) believed that their undergraduate training in the diagnosis of oral cancer was inadequate. The vast majority (95.6%) were interested in further oral cancer continuing education and 88.5% that development of referral guidelines can improve the quality of referrals to specialists. Conclusions:The findings of the present study indicate that there is a need for further training in the early detection and prevention of oral cancer, as well as an increased emphasis on oral cancer diagnosis and prevention in the dental training curriculum.3 Declaration I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this dissertation is my original work and that it has not been previously in its entirety or in part submitted at any university for a degree.………………………………… …………………………

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“…Among all smoking-related diseases, cancer is most closely tied to smoking (Ezzati and Lopez, 2003;Danaei et al, 2005). Lung cancer alone causes 0.85 1526 million smoking-related deaths annually and follows only cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as the most common cause of smoking-related death in the world in 2000 (Ezzati , Lopez, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Economic Burden of Major Cancers Due to Smoking in Korea

Oh¹,

Yoon²,

Yoon³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Cigarette smoking is one of the most important public health concerns in Korea and worldwide. A number of studies have been conducted to measure the health and economic burden of smoking, but these did not reflect recent changes such as the decrease in smoking rate and the increase in the incidence of cancer. The purpose of this study was to provide up-to-date estimates of the health and economic burden of cancer caused by smoking and to compare the results with those of previous studies. Cancer-related burden was assessed with nationally representative data such as claims data from the National Health Insurance Corporation, and cause of death records from the National Statistical Office and the Korea Health Panel. We determined the smoking-attributable burden by multiplying the smoking-attributable fraction by the total burden. As a result, the burden of major cancers due to smoking was found to be substantial despite a recent sharp decrease in smoking by the Korean population. The total economic cost reaches $2,234.0 million in males and $870.0 million in females. Also, the health burden of cancers due to smoking is 2,038.9 disability adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100,000 individuals in men and 732.2 DALYs per 100,000 individuals in women. Among all cancers, cancers of the trachea, lungs and bronchus are the leading causes of health and economic burden. The huge burden caused by cancers linked to smoking makes it imperative that adequate policies to decrease the prevalence of smoking be developed, particularly considering the recent increase in smoking rate among women.

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Causes of cancer in the world: comparative risk assessment of nine behavioural and environmental risk factors

Cited by 1,185 publications

References 29 publications

Oral Contraceptives, Abortion and Breast Cancer Risk: a Case Control Study in Saudi Arabia

Oral Contraceptives, Abortion and Breast Cancer Risk: a Case Control Study in Saudi Arabia

Oral Cancer Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Dentists in Khartoum State, Sudan

Health and Economic Burden of Major Cancers Due to Smoking in Korea

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