Oral Contraceptives, Abortion and Breast Cancer Risk: a Case Control Study in Saudi Arabia

Karim, Syed Mustafa; Baeshen, Wijdan; Neamatullah, Syed Nehal; Bin, Bakr

doi:10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.9.3957

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…25 A systematic review of 15 case-control studies and 8 cohort studies found that a history of OC use slightly increases breast cancer incidence (OR 1.08; 95% CI, 1.00–1.17), but the results were no longer significant when only United States-based studies were included (OR 1.03; 95% CI, 0.93–1.14). 26 Two recent case-control studies conducted in Norway 27 and Saudi Arabia 28 both indicated that breast cancer risk increased only if OC use continued for at least 10 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced Abortion, Birth Control Methods, and Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in China

Yuan

Fang

Hou

et al. 2019

Journal of Epidemiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced Abortion, Birth Control Methods, and Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in China

Yuan

Fang

Hou

et al. 2019

Journal of Epidemiology

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“…It has been well established in the literature that changing reproductive patterns including late childbearing, low parity and shorter period of breastfeeding increase the risk of breast Ca [7]. Previous studies have also shown that, prolonged endogenous estrogen exposure owing to early menarche, late age at first delivery and late menopause or exogenous exposure, mainly due to hormone replacement therapy or use of oral contraceptive pills have been associated with breast Ca [8]. The role of certain factors such as spontaneous or induced abortion in the development of breast Ca remains controversial [8, 9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive risk factors associated with breast cancer in women in Bangui: a case–control study

et al. 2017

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BackgroundBreast cancer (breast Ca) is recognised as a major public health problem in the world. Data on reproductive factors associated with breast Ca in the Central African Republic (CAR) is very limited. This study aimed to identify reproductive variables as risk factors for breast Ca in CAR women.MethodsA case–control study was conducted among 174 cases of breast Ca confirmed at the Pathology Unit of the National Laboratory in Bangui between 2003 and 2015 and 348 age-matched controls. Data collection tools included a questionnaire, interviews and a review of medical records of patients. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 20. Odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the likelihood of developing breast Ca were obtained using unconditional logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 522 women with a mean age of 45.8 (SD = 13.4) years were enrolled. Women with breast Ca were more likely to have attained little or no education (AOR = 11.23, CI: 4.65–27.14 and AOR = 2.40, CI: 1.15–4.99), to be married (AOR = 2.09, CI: 1.18–3.71), to have had an abortion (AOR = 5.41, CI: 3.47–8.44), and to be nulliparous (AOR = 1.98, CI: 1.12–3.49). Decreased odds of breast Ca were associated with being employed (AOR = 0.32, CI: 0.19–0.56), living in urban areas (AOR = 0.16, CI: 0.07–0.37), late menarche (AOR = 0.18, CI: 0.07–0.44), regular menstrual cycles (AOR = 0.44, CI: 0.23–0.81), term pregnancy (AOR = 0.26, CI: 0.13–0.50) and hormonal contraceptive use (AOR = 0.62, CI: 0.41–0.93).ConclusionBreast Ca risk factors in CAR did not appear to be significantly different from that observed in other populations. This study highlighted the risk factors of breast Ca in women living in Bangui to inform appropriate control measures.

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“…There is a paucity of data regarding HRT from KSA, the only one study undertaken this topic in 2003 and reported a prevalence rate of HRT of 5% [20]. A recent study from KSA have reported long term use of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) in KSA and its association within creased breast cancer risk [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer Awareness and Approach toward Exposure to Diverse Patterns of Hormones among Women in Northern Saudi Arabia

ahmed¹,

Alharbi²,

Alreshidi³

et al. 2017

AJCP

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Background: Several studies have well-established the relationship between breast cancer and etiological hormonal factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine breast cancer related awareness and approach toward exposure to diverse patterns of hormones among women in Northern Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This is a cross sectional survey included 400 Saudi females' volunteers living in the city of Hail, Northern Saudi Arabia. Knowledge, awareness and approach toward exposure to diverse patterns of hormones and breast cancer risk were evaluated using different variables during interview. Results: On asking the participants the question "Does the over exposure to hormones (ER) increases the risk of breast cancer" Out of 387 respondents, 47.5% answered yes increases the risk of breast cancer. On asking the participants the question "Does early puberty and late menopause increase the risk of breast cancer" Out of 395 respondents, 35.2% answered yes increases the risk of breast cancer. Conclusion: Knowledge of hormonal breast cancer risk factors is not so strong so as to achieve the intended values in Northern Saudi Arabia. Knowledge of breast cancer risk factors can powerfully participate to the breast cancer prevention struggles, which will have the chief results mainly if started at an early age and continued over a lifetime.

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Oral Contraceptives, Abortion and Breast Cancer Risk: a Case Control Study in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Induced Abortion, Birth Control Methods, and Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in China

Induced Abortion, Birth Control Methods, and Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in China

Reproductive risk factors associated with breast cancer in women in Bangui: a case–control study

Breast Cancer Awareness and Approach toward Exposure to Diverse Patterns of Hormones among Women in Northern Saudi Arabia

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