Causes and Pathology of Equine Pneumonia and Pleuritis in Southern Brazil

Bianchi, Matheus Viezzer; Mello, Lauren Santos de; Ribeiro, Paula Reis; Wentz, Maria Fernanda; Stolf, Alanna Serpa; Lopes, Bruna Corrêa; Andrade, Caroline Pinto de; Snel, Gustavo Geraldo Medina; Sonne, Luciana; Driemeier, David; Pavarini, Saulo Petinatti

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.07.006

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Gross presentations are classified as suppurative bronchopneumonia, fibrinous bronchopneumonia, embolic pneumonia, granulomatous pneumonia, or IP. 12,13,24,103 IP has the most complicated gross presentation and interpretation. Animals that are affected by this pattern of lung damage frequently have pulmonary parenchyma that is totally compromised, with little or no normal tissue remaining.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interstitial pneumonia and diffuse alveolar damage in domestic animals

Carvallo

Stevenson

2022

Vet Pathol

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Classification of pneumonia in animals has been controversial, and the most problematic pattern is interstitial pneumonia. This is true from the gross and histologic perspectives, and also from a mechanistic point of view. Multiple infectious and noninfectious diseases are associated with interstitial pneumonia, all of them converging in the release of inflammatory mediators that generate local damage and attract inflammatory cells that inevitably trigger a second wave of damage. Diffuse alveolar damage is one of the more frequently identified histologic types of interstitial pneumonia and involves injury to alveolar epithelial and/or endothelial cells, with 3 distinct stages. The first is the “exudative” stage, with alveolar edema and hyaline membranes. The second is the “proliferative” stage, with hyperplasia and reactive atypia of type II pneumocytes, infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages in the interstitium and early proliferation of fibroblasts. These stages are reversible and often nonfatal. If damage persists, there is a third “fibrosing” stage, characterized by fibrosis of the interstitium due to proliferation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, persistence of type II pneumocytes, segments of squamous metaplasia of alveolar epithelium, plus inflammation. Understanding the lesion patterns associated with interstitial pneumonias, their causes, and the underlying mechanisms aid in accurate diagnosis that involves an interdisciplinary collaborative approach involving pathologists, clinicians, and radiologists.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gross presentations are classified as suppurative bronchopneumonia, fibrinous bronchopneumonia, embolic pneumonia, granulomatous pneumonia, or IP. 12,13,24,103…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interstitial pneumonia and diffuse alveolar damage in domestic animals

Carvallo

Stevenson

2022

Vet Pathol

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“…Therefore, this bacterium may cause opportunistic infections, secondary to primary viral infections, following stressful events or tissue damage (BIANCHI et al, 2020). However, this bacterial agent has also been described as one of the main causative agents of purulent infections in horses and foals (GAEDE et al, 2010;BIANCHI et al, 2020). In our report, we assume that the bacterial infection occurred secondarily to the primary injury caused by the FB, and worsened the respiratory condition leading to death.…”

Section: Molossi Et Almentioning

confidence: 76%

“…zooepidemicus is a commensal bacterium of the upper respiratory tract's mucosa and the lower genital tract (BARQUERO et al, 2010). Therefore, this bacterium may cause opportunistic infections, secondary to primary viral infections, following stressful events or tissue damage (BIANCHI et al, 2020). However, this bacterial agent has also been described as one of the main causative agents of purulent infections in horses and foals (GAEDE et al, 2010;BIANCHI et al, 2020).…”

Section: Molossi Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchopneumonia by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in a horse with inhalation of pine branch of Araucaria angustifolia

et al. 2022

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Respiratory problems due to tracheobronchial foreign bodies (FBs) are unusual in horses; although equines kept in pastures eventually inhale FBs, as conifer twigs of Araucaria angustifolia. A 1,5-year-old Criolle foal was presented with hemoptysis, dyspnea, restlessness and fever (40.9 ºC rectal temperature). Complete blood count showed intense neutropenia, monocytosis, thrombocytopenia and hypoproteinemia. Treatment was carried out but no clinical improvement was observed. At the post-mortem examination, marked amount of dark red liquid was observed in the thoracic cavity (hemothorax). The lung parenchyma was diffusely consolidated, predominantly in the cranioventral area, associated with mild pleural fibrin deposition. The right primary bronchus was obliterated by a Araucaria angustifolia pine branch measuring 18 cm in length, with adjacent darkened areas (lung consolidation). Microscopically, there was diffuse necrosis with severe hemorrhage in the lungs, associated with marked neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate, numerous coccoid bacterial aggregates, and fibrinous pleuritis. Additionally, there was diffuse alveolar edema and multifocal thrombosis. Lung fragments were submitted for bacterial culture and mixed bacterial growth was observed with a predominance of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. Inhalation of branches is not commonly reported in horses, but it must be included in the differential diagnoses of pneumonia, and attention should be taken when allowing horses to graze in areas where the plant occurs.

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“…As pleuropneumonias e broncopneumonias causadas por Strptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus são consideradas por como as principais doenças que afetam o sistema respiratório inferior de equinos (BIANCHI et al, 2020a;CARVALHO et al, 2017), as quais as lesões macroscópicas deste caso se assemelham às lesões provocadas por este agente.…”

Section: Resultados E Discussõesunclassified

Patologia De Equinos: Achados Macroscópicos De Equinos Necropsiados Em 2020

Strieder

Kist²,

Bernardi³

et al. 2021

RevInt

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a caracterização clínica e patológica das principais doenças que afetaram equinos na região Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul no período de janeiro de 2020 a setembro de 2020, diagnosticadas pelo Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade de Cruz Alta. As amostras coletadas foram provenientes de visitas realizadas, após requisição do proprietário ou médico veterinário responsável. Durante este intervalo, foram realizadas oito necropsias em equinos, todas com diagnóstico conclusivo. Destas, 87,5% (7/8) eram fêmeas e 12,5% (1/8) eram machos. Entre as categorias de idade, as idades variaram de um potro (1/8), de um a cinco anos de idade (2/8), entre 10 a 15 anos (2/8) e de idade não informada (2/8). As causas de morte foram divididas conforme os sistemas afetados: patologias do sistema digestório foram as mais frequentes (50%), seguidas por neoplasias do sistema hematopoiético (25%), sistema respiratório (12,5%) e neurológico (12,5%). O diagnóstico das enfermidades que afetam equinos, através do exame de necropsia, é uma ferramenta essencial para clínicos e patologistas, no auxílio para o diagnóstico e no desenvolvimento de medidas de profilaxia e controle para as principais doenças descritas na região.

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Causes and Pathology of Equine Pneumonia and Pleuritis in Southern Brazil

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Interstitial pneumonia and diffuse alveolar damage in domestic animals

Interstitial pneumonia and diffuse alveolar damage in domestic animals

Bronchopneumonia by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in a horse with inhalation of pine branch of Araucaria angustifolia

Patologia De Equinos: Achados Macroscópicos De Equinos Necropsiados Em 2020

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