Cathode engineering with perylene-diimide interlayer enabling over 17% efficiency single-junction organic solar cells

Jia, Yongzhong; Qiu, Beibei; Zhang, Zhiguo; Xue, Ling-Wei; Wang, Rui; Zhang, Chunfeng; Chen, Shanshan; Zhou, Qiuju; Sun, Chenkai; Yang, Changduk; Xiao, Min; Meng, Lei; Li, Yongfang

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16509-w

Cited by 504 publications

(415 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…Post-Treatment Process: For specific donor/acceptor blends, various strategies of the post-treatment process for the morphology optimization have been reported, including the selection of processing solvent and additive, thermal annealing (TA), solvent annealing, and post solvent treatment for post-film morphology control. [86,87,[122][123][124] We will emphasize the posttreatment process, for example, the additive, [56,123,[125][126][127] ternary strategy, [80,83,[128][129][130][131] and interfacial modification [132][133][134][135] here, which are the most used strategies in OSCs in recent years.…”

Section: Morphology Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Approaches in Enhancing the Efficiency and Stability in Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

136

116

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the center, side-chains hanging out from the molecular plane, and two strong compact electron-withdrawing end groups. Independent modifications of these three parts provide diverse NFA molecular structures, thus enabling strong absorption in the visible and/or near infrared (NIR) regions, easily tunable energy levels, and finely tunable crystallinity. [28-32] In addition, low voltage losses are a significant feature of NFA OSCs compared to their fullerene counterparts, contributing to the rapidly increasing PCE. [33-36] At the same time, the operational stability of NFA OSCs has also been demonstrated to be promising, [37-41] although further improvement is required to meet the standard for practical applications. Along with the rapid development of materials and devices, the fundamental understanding of OSCs is also moving forward, though at a slower pace compared with that of material development and device engineering. One of the greatest impediments to developing a fundamental understanding of OSCs lies in the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure. The invention of BHJ, which is a milestone in OSC research, increases the interfacial area between the electron donor and electron acceptor materials, overcoming the issues of short exciton diffusion length, limited exciton lifetime, and charge separation that limits bilayer junctions. [42] Together with these advantages, the BHJ structure also presents challenges. The multiple phases and complex interfaces bring about sophisticated hierarchical morphologies and complicated charge dynamics, which are difficult for experimental observation and control. In NFA-based systems, some of these challenges have even been manifested. The similarity in the element constitution makes it difficult to spatially distinguish the electron donor and electron acceptor materials. Additionally, the resemblance of energy makes the spectra indistinguishable for charge-transfer (CT) states and singlet excitons. [33] Furthermore, OSC materials are updated so fast that the new materials can be distinct from previous ones, and the characteristics may be entirely different. This review covers emerging approaches for enhancing the efficiency and stability of non-fullerene OSCs. We highlight that recent advances on non-fullerene OSCs result from the coordinated development of donors and acceptors; those who are interested in a comprehensive understanding of donor materials are referred to recent review articles on this topic. [43-49] In this review, we mainly focus on the development of acceptors. We summarize new strategies for high short-circuit current (J SC) and fill factor (FF). A variety of methods, for example, extended absorption and effective morphology control, are discussed. We also introduce design rules for low energy losses, especially by The past three years have witnessed rapid growth in the field of organic solar cells (OSCs) based on non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), with intensive efforts being devoted to material development, device engineering, and understanding of device physi...

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Section: Morphology Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Approaches in Enhancing the Efficiency and Stability in Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

136

116

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“…We fabricated the ITO-free flexible OSCs based on the PEDOT:PSS anodes with the 0. plastic substrates suffered from a harsh strong acid treatment at high temperatures (e.g., > 140 °C), whereas the low-temperature and low-concentration CF 3 SO 3 H doping treatment avoided destroying the PET substrates, and thus it enabled the flexible PEDOT:PSS anodes. Figure 4a displays the flexible OSC structure, that is, PET (100 μm)/CF 3 SO 3 Hdoped PEDOT:PSS (Clevios PH1000, 75 nm)/PEDOT:PSS (Clevios P VP AI4083, 30 nm)/PM6:Y6 [46] (150 nm)/ PDINN [4] (10 nm)/Al (100 nm). The energy levels of the device components are illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Device Efficiency and Flexibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) have become a popular research field, owing to the advantages of low cost, light weight, ease of fabrication, wearability, portability, etc. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Transparent electrode fabrication is regarded as one of cores that determine the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the device fabrication cost [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution-Processed Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Flexible Organic Solar Cells with 16.61% Efficiency

et al. 2021

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Nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 17%. While this shed light on OSC commercialization, high-performance flexible OSCs should be pursued through solution manufacturing. Herein, we report a solution-processed flexible OSC based on a transparent conducting PEDOT:PSS anode doped with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF3SO3H). Through a low-concentration and low-temperature CF3SO3H doping, the conducting polymer anodes exhibited a main sheet resistance of 35 Ω sq−1 (minimum value: 32 Ω sq−1), a raised work function (≈ 5.0 eV), a superior wettability, and a high electrical stability. The high work function minimized the energy level mismatch among the anodes, hole-transporting layers and electron-donors of the active layers, thereby leading to an enhanced carrier extraction. The solution-processed flexible OSCs yielded a record-high efficiency of 16.41% (maximum value: 16.61%). Besides, the flexible OSCs afforded the 1000 cyclic bending tests at the radius of 1.5 mm and the long-time thermal treatments at 85 °C, demonstrating a high flexibility and a good thermal stability.

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“…In the last five years, tremendous advances in developing non‐fullerene small molecule acceptors (SMAs) with a low band gap and high absorbance have boosted power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the OSCs [6, 7] . In particular, recently rapidly advancing the electron‐deficient‐core‐based SMAs with an unique molecular structure of A‐DA′D‐A, [7–16] such as the most representative Y6, [7] have made great achievements, and the corresponding state‐of‐the‐art PCEs have exceeded 16 % in OSCs [17–30] . At present, the further increase of PCE needs to optimize all relevant photovoltaic parameters of OSCs, including the open‐circuit voltage ( V oc ), short‐circuit current density ( J sc ), and fill factor (FF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, to boost the FF of OSCs, a lot of works have been focused on device engineering to simultaneously improve the corresponding charge generation, transport and extraction, as well as reduce charge recombination, including the modification of interlayer [17, 28, 30, 37] and the optimization of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) active layer morphologies [19, 38, 39] . For example, Zhou et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Active Layer Morphologies via Ternary Copolymerization of Polymer Donors for 17.6 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Enhanced Fill Factor

Guo

Fan

et al. 2020

Angewandte Chemie

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Regulating molecular structure to optimize the active layer morphology is of considerable significance for improving the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we demonstrated a simple ternary copolymerization approach to develop a terpolymer donor PM6‐Tz20 by incorporating the 5,5′‐dithienyl‐2,2′‐bithiazole (DTBTz, 20 mol%) unit into the backbone of PM6 (PM6‐Tz00). This method can effectively tailor the molecular orientation and aggregation of the polymer, and then optimize the active layer morphology and the corresponding physical processes of devices, ultimately boosting FF and then PCE. Hence, the PM6‐Tz20: Y6‐based OSCs achieved a PCE of up to 17.1% with a significantly enhanced FF of 0.77. Using Ag (220 nm) instead of Al (100 nm) as cathode, the champion PCE was further improved to 17.6%. This work provides a simple and effective molecular design strategy to optimize the active layer morphology of OSCs for improving photovoltaic performance.

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Cathode engineering with perylene-diimide interlayer enabling over 17% efficiency single-junction organic solar cells

Cited by 504 publications

References 65 publications

Emerging Approaches in Enhancing the Efficiency and Stability in Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells

Emerging Approaches in Enhancing the Efficiency and Stability in Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells

Solution-Processed Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Flexible Organic Solar Cells with 16.61% Efficiency

Optimized Active Layer Morphologies via Ternary Copolymerization of Polymer Donors for 17.6 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Enhanced Fill Factor

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