Categorization and Analysis of Relevant Factors for Optimal Locations in Onshore and Offshore Wind Power Plants: A Taxonomic Review

Abstract

Wind power is widely considered to be a qualified renewable, clean, ecological and inexhaustible resource that is becoming a leader in the current energy transition process. It is a mature technology solution that was quickly developed and has been massively integrated into power systems in recent years. Indeed, a remarkable number of renewable integration policies have been promoted by different governments and countries. With the aim of maximizing the power given by wind resources, the locations of both onshore and offshore wind power plants must be optimized following a sort of different criteria. Under this scenario, a number of factors and decision criteria in the evaluation and selection of locations can be identified. Moreover, the relevant wind power increasing in the power generation mix is addressed, along with a standardization of factors and decision criteria in the optimization and selection of such optimal locations. In this context, this paper describes a systematic review and meta-analysis combining most of the contributions and studies proposed during the last decade. Thus, our aim is focused on reviewing and categorizing all factors to be considered for optimal location estimation, pointing out the differences among the selected factors and the decision criteria for onshore and offshore wind power plants. In addition, our review also includes an analysis of the representative key indicators for the contributions, such as the annual frequency of publications, geographical classification, analysis by category, evaluation method and determining factors.

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“…Table 1 gives some details of the picture at the end of 2018. 1 According to [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], the main advantages of offshore wind farms over onshore ones can be briefly described as follows:…”

Exact Solutions to the Maxmin Problem max‖Ax‖ Subject to ‖Bx‖≤1

“…Several studies involving optimal geolocation [25], multivariate statistics [26,27] and multiobjective problems [28][29][30] were carried out recently. To show another application of maxmin multiobjective problems, we consider in this work the best situation of a tourism rural inn considering several measured climate variables.…”

A Controller for Optimum Electrical Power Extraction from a Small Grid-Interconnected Wind Turbine

“…As already described, the extracted mechanical power does not only depend on the wind speed, but also on the rotor speed (refer to Equation (2) in Section 2). By correlating the PMSG electromagnetic torque with the rotor speed using Equation (8), and taking the Laplace transform, Equation (9) is gotten:…”

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