Catalytic Properties of Rare Earths

Komarewsky, V. I.

doi:10.1021/ie50566a043

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…4f shell of La is completely empty while that of Nd is partly filled. The partly filling state of 4 f shell for Nd made it more reactive than La 16. So Nd 2 O 3 can more easily interact with IFR to show high‐synergistic effectivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The partly filling state of 4f shell for Nd made it more reactive than La. [16] So Nd 2 O 3 can more easily interact with IFR to show high-synergistic effectivity. For vertical combustion test, all the samples involved in Fig.…”

Section: Synergistic Effectivity Calculated From Loi Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to now, only La 2 O 3 as an REO was introduced in IFR system as synergist and the effect of REO on the expanding behavior of IFR is not elaborated in detail. The catalytic reactivity of various REOs is different due to the filling of the 4 f shell 16. Comparison and investigation of the effect of different REOs on the properties of IFR system is an interesting topic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The catalytic reactivity of various REOs is different due to the filling of the 4f shell. [16] Comparison and investigation of the effect of different REOs on the properties of IFR system is an interesting topic. In this work, synergistic effects of two kinds of REOs, Nd 2 O 3 or La 2 O 3 , in classical IFR system composed of APP and PER for TPO were studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An investigation into synergistic effects of rare earth oxides on intumescent flame retardancy of polypropylene/poly (octylene‐co‐ethylene) blends

Ren

Wan

Zhang

et al. 2011

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Synergistic effects of two kinds of rare earth oxides (REOs), neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) or lanthanum oxide (La2O3) on the intumescent flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) made by polypropylene/poly (octylene‐co‐ethylene) blends were investigated systemically by various methods. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of flame retardant TPO (FRTPO) filled by 30 wt% intumescent flame retardants (IFR) composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) has been increased from 30 to 32.5 and 33.5 when 0.5 wt% of IFR was substituted by La2O3 and Nd2O3, respectively. Cone calorimetry tests also reveal the existence of synergistic effects. Thermalgravimetric analyses (TGA) demonstrate that the presence of REOs promotes the esterification and carbonization process in low‐temperature range while enhances the thermal stability of IFR and FRTPO in high‐temperature range. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) reveals that the interaction of Nd2O3 with IFR results in the formation of neodymium phosphate (NdP5O14) with high‐thermal stability. Thermal scanning rheological tests show that the presence of REOs increases complex viscosity of FRTPO in the temperature range of 190∼300°C so as to suppress melt dripping but decreases the complex viscosity and increases the loss factors tan δ in temperature range of 300∼400°C to make the carbonaceous strucuture more flexible and viscous to resist stress, expand better and keep intact. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synergistic Effectivity Calculated From Loi Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An investigation into synergistic effects of rare earth oxides on intumescent flame retardancy of polypropylene/poly (octylene‐co‐ethylene) blends

Ren

Wan

Zhang

et al. 2011

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…[67] More generally catalysts based on Nd have been found in the polymerization of diene, acetylene, alkylene and cyclic monomers [56,67] while in the presence of cerium, neodymium and gadolinium oxide catalysts, the ortho-para hydrogen conversion can be catalyzed. [68] All these applications show the potential of NdPO 4 .…”

Section: Applications Of Ndpomentioning

confidence: 97%

Construction and evaluation of a modular biofilm-forming chamber for microbial recovery of neodymium and semi-continuous biofilm preparation. Tolerance of Serratia sp.N14 on acidic conditions and neutralized aqua regia

Vavlekas

2016

Environmental Technology

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Recovery of neodymium from liquid metallic wastes and scrap leachates is a crucial step for its recycling, which can take place through the immobilized biofilms of Serratia sp. N14. These biofilms are produced in a fermentor vessel with a turnaround time of 10-14 days, which is unacceptable from an economic point of view for an industrial process. This study proposes the construction and evaluation of a modular system, whereby a biofilm-forming chamber is inserted into the continuous biomass outflow of the main chemostat vessel, for an alternative semi-continuous and economic production of biofilm. The activity of the biofilm from the outflow chamber was found to be the same as the one from the main chamber, which was stored in a cold room (4°C), for 9-12 months, depending on a 24 h nucleation step.Moreover, the ability of the biofilm to function in the presence of a leaching agent (aqua regia) or in acidic conditions was also evaluated. The biofilm of the main chamber can remain active even at 50% neutralized aqua regia (pH 3.0), while at acidic conditions, phosphate release of the cells is reduced to 50%. This strain proves to be very tolerant in low pH or high salt concentration solutions. The biofilm produced from the outflow of the main fermentor vessel is of acceptable activity, rather than being disposed.

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Synergistic flame retardant mechanism of lanthanum phenylphosphonate and decabromodiphenyl oxide in polycarbonate

Ran

Cai³

et al. 2018

Polymer Composites

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Lanthanum phenylphosphonate (LaHPP) was synthesized through solution reflux method with a hydrothermal reaction. The synergistic effect of decabromodiphenyl oxide (DBDPO) and LaHPP on thermal stability and flame retardancy of polycarbonate (PC) were investigated. Transmission electron microscope graphs showed that LaHPP dispersed well in the PC matrix. Thermogravimetric analyses indicated that the addition of LaHPP into PC/DBDPO composites led to better thermal stability. An appropriate content (1 wt%) of LaHPP could improve the UL94 rating (from V-2 to V-0) and limiting oxygen index value (from 32.8 to 40.5%) dramatically, and also brought an effective reduction in peak heat release rate and smoke release rate in cone calorimeter. Investigation of gaseous pyrolysis products and char residues demonstrated that LaHPP promoted the formation of more compact and solid chars, which acted as physical barriers to inhibit heat and oxygen transfer. The inside char layers also provided more space and time for DBDPO to play its flame retardant role in gaseous phases. POLYM.

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Catalytic Properties of Rare Earths

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

An investigation into synergistic effects of rare earth oxides on intumescent flame retardancy of polypropylene/poly (octylene‐co‐ethylene) blends

An investigation into synergistic effects of rare earth oxides on intumescent flame retardancy of polypropylene/poly (octylene‐co‐ethylene) blends

Construction and evaluation of a modular biofilm-forming chamber for microbial recovery of neodymium and semi-continuous biofilm preparation. Tolerance of Serratia sp.N14 on acidic conditions and neutralized aqua regia

Synergistic flame retardant mechanism of lanthanum phenylphosphonate and decabromodiphenyl oxide in polycarbonate

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