Synergistic flame retardant mechanism of lanthanum phenylphosphonate and decabromodiphenyl oxide in polycarbonate

Ran, Shiya; Ye, Runfeng; Cai, Yingfeng; Shen, Huiyuan; He, Yiliang; Fang, Zhengping; Guo, Zhenghong

doi:10.1002/pc.24773

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…A continuous and compact char layer can act as an effective barrier against heat transmission and gas transport. Meanwhile, PO free radicals can be released during the degradation process of DOPO and capture H and OH free radicals generated by thermal decomposition of epoxy molecular chains, resulting in the chain reaction that sustains combustion to stop in the gas phase . Furthermore, VTES groups in DOPO–VTES–GO tend to form the thermostable bridged structure of Si–O–Si, which promotes the formation of the graphitic structure and enhances the thermostability of char residues in the condensed phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy Properties of Epoxy Resin Modified with Functionalized Graphene Oxide Containing Phosphorus and Silicon Elements

et al. 2019

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Phosphorus- and silicon-modified graphene oxide was prepared to improve the thermal stability and flame retardancy properties of epoxy resin. 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) were successfully grafted onto the surface of graphene oxide (GO) through solvothermal synthesis and hydrolysis–condensation reaction, respectively. Subsequently, the functionalized graphene oxide grafted by DOPO and VTES (DOPO–VTES–GO) was incorporated into the epoxy resin by the solution blending method. The effect of DOPO–VTES–GO on the thermal stability and flame-retardant properties of epoxy resin was systematically studied. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability and char residue yield of DOPO–VTES–GO/epoxy were increased obviously compared with those of pure epoxy resin and DOPO–GO/epoxy. Cone calorimeter test results showed that DOPO–VTES–GO/epoxy had better flame retardancy than pure epoxy resin and DOPO–GO/epoxy on reducing the peak of heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production. Furthermore, the char residue after the cone calorimeter tests was investigated by scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared measurements. These results demonstrated that the DOPO–VTES–GO can enhance the graphitization degree of char residues and promote the formation of the thermally stable char. In addition, the mechanism of flame retardancy was proposed, and DOPO–VTES–GO exerts the synergistic effect mainly by means of catalytic charring in the condensed phase and capturing hydroxyl or hydrogen radicals from thermal decomposition of epoxy resin in the gas phase. This work provides novel insights into the preparation of phosphorus–silicon–graphene oxide ternary synergistic flame retardants for thermosetting polymer materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy Properties of Epoxy Resin Modified with Functionalized Graphene Oxide Containing Phosphorus and Silicon Elements

et al. 2019

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“…The deteriorated toughness and mechanical robustness are also observed in our previously reported lanthanum-containing flame-retardant PC system. 10 Additionally, the improved flame retardancy is often accompanied by the reduction in thermostability. Typically, Zhao et al 11 synthesized two intumescent flame retardants (BASPB and ABDPP), and both of them enabled PC to acquire the satisfied fire resistance.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Mechanism Study of Cerium-Based P, N-Containing Complexes for Reducing Fire Hazards of Polycarbonate with Superior Thermostability and Toughness

Sai

Shen

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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A superior comprehensive performance is essential for the extensive utilization of polymers. Current flame-retardant strategies for polycarbonates (PCs) usually realize satisfied fire resistance at the cost of thermostability, toughness, and/or mechanical robustness. Thus, we report a rare-earth-based P, Ncontaining complex with a lamellar aggregated structure [Ce-(DPA) 3 ] by a coordination reaction between a tailored ligand and cerium(III) nitrate. The results indicate that incorporating 3 wt % Ce(DPA) 3 enables the resultant PC composite to achieve UL-94 V-0 rating, with a 55% reduction in the peak heat release rate. Besides, the initial (T 5 ) and maximum (T max1 and T max2 ) decomposition temperatures are significantly increased by 21, 19, and 27 °C, respectively, in an air atmosphere. Moreover, the impact strength and elongation at break of the PC composite containing 3 wt % Ce(DPA) 3 are greatly increased by 20 and 59%, respectively, relative to pristine PC, while its tensile strength (57 MPa) is still close to that of bulk PC (60 MPa). Notably, this work provides a novel methodology for revealing the evolution mechanisms of chemical structures of vapor and residual products during thermal decomposition, which is conducive to guiding fire and heat resistance modification of PC in the future.

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“…[38] The calcined Ti 4 P 3 Ph at 500 C was black, suggesting that the organic groups were carbonized by the flame-retardant effect of phosphonate. [39] The optical direct bandgap energy (E g ) was calculated using the Tauc plot as follows: (F(R)hν) 2 = A (hν À E g ), where hν is the photon energy, and A is a constant. [40,41] The E g of the hydrolyzed Ti 4 P 3 Ph was smaller than that of the pristine Ti 4 P 3 Ph (Figure 5a) because the polycondensation reaction was in progress.…”

Section: Properties Of the Hydrolyzed And Calcined Ti 4 P 3 Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol–gel reaction of titanium phosphonate alkoxide cluster

Tsukagoshi

Sato

Yamamoto

et al. 2022

Applied Organom Chemis

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The synthesis and properties of titanium phosphonate cluster molecules have been investigated; however, nothing has been done to study not only the catalytic ability of a hydrolyzed cluster but also a behavior of hydrolysis–polycondensation by solvents. The sol–gel reaction of [Ti4(μ3‐O)(OiPr)5(μ‐OiPr)3(O3PPh)3]·thf (Ti4P3Ph) was performed in tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene, and acetone. The hydrolysis–polycondensation of Ti4P3Ph proceeded in THF and toluene, while Ti4P3Ph in acetone proceeded in two paths (hydrolysis–polycondensation and nonhydrolysis–polycondensation). The hydrolyzed Ti4P3Ph retained its cluster structure, while the calcined Ti4P3Ph at 300°C contained a collapsed cluster structure. The specific surface areas of the hydrolyzed Ti4P3Ph in THF, toluene, and acetone were 154, 302, and 7 m2 g−1, respectively. The photodegradation ability of the hydrolyzed Ti4P3Ph for methylene blue was confirmed by ultraviolet irradiation at 365 nm; however, that of the calcined Ti4P3Ph was not. It was considered that the calcined Ti4P3Ph did not retain its cluster structure. The photocatalytic ability of the hydrolyzed Ti4P3Ph was high in the order of toluene > THF > pristine > acetone. The gels retained cluster structure have higher photocatalytic ability than pristine cluster; however, the gel contained a collapsed cluster structure was found no catalytic ability.

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Synergistic flame retardant mechanism of lanthanum phenylphosphonate and decabromodiphenyl oxide in polycarbonate

Cited by 24 publications

References 46 publications

Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy Properties of Epoxy Resin Modified with Functionalized Graphene Oxide Containing Phosphorus and Silicon Elements

Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy Properties of Epoxy Resin Modified with Functionalized Graphene Oxide Containing Phosphorus and Silicon Elements

Fabrication and Mechanism Study of Cerium-Based P, N-Containing Complexes for Reducing Fire Hazards of Polycarbonate with Superior Thermostability and Toughness

Sol–gel reaction of titanium phosphonate alkoxide cluster

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