Catalytic performance of sulfate-grafted graphene oxide for esterification of acetic acid with methanol

Guliani, Disha; Kaur, Kamalpreet; Singh, Narinder; Sobti, Amit; Toor, Amrit Pal

doi:10.1080/00986445.2018.1514601

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…As observed and inferred (Fig. 6(d)) conversion increased appreciably till 0.06 g mL −1 , afterward showing a flat region, this fact recommends the accessibility of an adequate number of acid sites capable of fetching the reaction to equilibrium (32,(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47). This increase in the conversion is directly related to the increase in the quantity of active acid sites available for the reaction to proceed.…”

Section: Catalyst Loading Optimizationsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…So according to Le-Chatelier's principle, an excess of any one of the reactants in the reaction can shift the equilibrium toward forward direction. This increases the forward rate constant of the reaction, favoring the conversion and hence yield of the product ester (32,(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47). Alcohols can be easily separated by distillation from the reaction mixture, and they are comparatively cheaper than acids.…”

Section: Effect Of Molar Ratio Of Acid To Alcohol On the Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photochemical Synthesis of Lactic Acid Esters at Ambient Temperature Employing Sulfonically Fuctionalized N/W‐Doped Nano‐semiconductor

Verma

Wanchoo

Toor

2021

Photochem & Photobiology

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Appreciating the wide array of applications of lactic acid esters in the flavoring industry as well as in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, respectively, their clean and green synthesis gain immense importance. Therefore, traditional ester synthesis processes, involving high-temperature requirements, need to be replaced. A photochemical route has been adopted where visible light illumination was used as the major driving force to synthesize lactic acid esters. This process involves the application of sulfonically functionalized nitrogen/tungsten-doped nanotitania as photocatalysts. These functionalized catalysts efficiently and repeatedly catalyzed the esterification of lactic acid at ambient temperature. The photo-activity of these catalysts is attributed to the presence of a large number of active sulfonate sites on its surface. As per the proposed photochemical mechanism, illumination initiates the electron discharge from the conduction band, which migrates toward absorbed lactic acid through sulfonate sites forming lactic acid radical. This radical in turn attracts the alcohol molecules producing the desired ester. Reaction parameters were optimized to maximize the product yield. The economic validity of the photocatalyst was specked by repetitive experiments, and both the catalysts were found to be efficient even after five reusability cycles. The development of these catalysts can completely replace commercial ester synthesis strategies.

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Section: Catalyst Loading Optimizationsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Effect Of Molar Ratio Of Acid To Alcohol On the Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemical Synthesis of Lactic Acid Esters at Ambient Temperature Employing Sulfonically Fuctionalized N/W‐Doped Nano‐semiconductor

Verma

Wanchoo

Toor

2021

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…This effect may be due to the worse dispersion and partial covering of acid sites occurred in the excess of catalyst amount. [ 45 ] Results of the Figure 7 suggest that the optimum reaction conditions are acetic acid to butanol molar ratio of 1:2, 0.05 g of catalyst, temperature of 110 °C in 4 hr.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new Brønsted acid MIL‐101(Cr) catalyst by tandem post‐functionalization; synthesis and its catalytic application

Mortazavi

Abbasi

Masteri‐Farahani

2020

Applied Organom Chemis

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A new heterogeneous Brønsted solid acid catalyst was prepared by tandem post-functionalization of MIL-101(Cr) and utilized for acetic acid esterification and alcoholysis of epoxides under solvent-free conditions. First, MIL-101 (Cr) was functionalized with pyrazine to achieve MIL-101(Cr)-Pyz. Afterwards, the nucleophilic reaction of MIL-101(Cr)-Pyz with 1,3-propane sultone and next acidification with diluted sulfuric acid gave MIL-101(Cr)-Pyz-RSO 3 H Brønsted solid acid catalyst. Various characterization methods such as Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis (CHNS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersiveX-ray(EDX) spectroscopy, thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), acid-base titration, and N 2 adsorption/desorption analysis were employed to fully characterize the prepared catalyst. The catalyst showed high activity compared to unmodified MIL-101(Cr) in both catalytic acetic acid esterification and alcoholysis of epoxides. It can also be readily isolated from the reaction mixture and reused three times without major decrease in its activity.

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“…GO exhibits a broad band at approximately 3115 cm −1 , corresponding to the stretching vibrations of the -OH bonds of the carboxyl groups (-COOH) and to the water molecules absorbed in the material. A band at 1711 cm −1 , associated with the vibrations of the carbonyl group (C=O) and a band at 851 cm −1 , related to the epoxide bonds (C-O-C) [28], can be further observed. Characteristic bands of the asymmetric and symmetric O=S=O stretching vibrations were also observed at 1115 cm −1 and 998 cm −1 , which were attributed to remnants of sulfuric acid product of the GO synthesis [29].…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Ft-ir)mentioning

confidence: 88%

Sulfonated Reduced Graphene Oxide: An Acid Catalyst that Efficiently Promotes the Esterification of Glycerol

et al. 2022

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A sulfonated graphene catalyst was designed and tested in the acetylation of glycerol. The catalyst was synthesized using graphite as starting material and comprised three stages, which included: (i) synthesis the graphene oxide by means of a modified Hummers method, (ii) reduction with ascorbic acid, and (iii) functionalization of the material with sulfanilic acid by in situ diazotization. Structural, morphological and chemical properties were characterized by SEM, XRD, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The acidity was determined by elemental analysis. The catalytic properties of catalyst in the glycerol acetylation were studied and compared with a commercial sulfonic resin, i.e. Amberlyst® 15. The sulfonated graphene presents attractive features in the catalytic transformation of glycerol, allowing for significant increase in the reaction rate at low temperature, and achieving at optimum activity and greater selectivity towards triacetin.

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Catalytic performance of sulfate-grafted graphene oxide for esterification of acetic acid with methanol

Cited by 12 publications

References 42 publications

Photochemical Synthesis of Lactic Acid Esters at Ambient Temperature Employing Sulfonically Fuctionalized N/W‐Doped Nano‐semiconductor

Photochemical Synthesis of Lactic Acid Esters at Ambient Temperature Employing Sulfonically Fuctionalized N/W‐Doped Nano‐semiconductor

A new Brønsted acid MIL‐101(Cr) catalyst by tandem post‐functionalization; synthesis and its catalytic application

Sulfonated Reduced Graphene Oxide: An Acid Catalyst that Efficiently Promotes the Esterification of Glycerol

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