Sulfonated Reduced Graphene Oxide: An Acid Catalyst that Efficiently Promotes the Esterification of Glycerol

Riascos, Luisa Damaris Ramos; Sanabria, Alfonso Enrique Ramírez; Rodríguez, Gerardo Andrés Torres; Sachse, Alexander; Muñoz, Cristian David Miranda

doi:10.1007/s11244-022-01629-y

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 37 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Monoesters can also be obtained from glycerol via polymerization. Esters and ethers can also be obtained from esterification and etherification of glycerol, respectively [40,41]. Carbonation of glycerol will yield glycerol carbonate.…”

Section: Glycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Propanediols through In Situ Glycerol Hydrogenolysis via Aqueous Phase Reforming: A Review

et al. 2022

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Production of 1,2-propanediol and 1,3-propanediol are identified as methods to reduce glycerol oversupply. Hence, glycerol hydrogenolysis is identified as a thermochemical conversion substitute; however, it requires an expensive, high-pressure pure hydrogen supply. Studies have been performed on other potential thermochemical conversion processes whereby aqueous phase reforming has been identified as an excellent substitute for the conversion process due to its low temperature requirement and high H2 yields, factors which permit the process of in-situ glycerol hydrogenolysis which requires no external H2 supply. Hence, this manuscript emphasizes delving into the possibilities of this concept to produce 1,2-propanediol and 1,3-propanediol without “breaking the bank” with expenses. Various heterogenous catalysts of aqueous phase reforming (APR) and glycerol hydrogenolysis were identified, whereby the combination of a noble metal, support, and dopant with a good amount of Brønsted acid sites are identified as the key factors to ensure a high yield of 1,3-propanediol. However, for 1,2-propanediol, a Cu-based catalyst with decent basic support is observed to be the key for good yield and selectivity of product. The findings have shown that it is possible to produce high yields of both 1,2-propanediol and 1,3-propanediol via aqueous phase reforming, specifically 1,2-propanediol, for which some of the findings achieve better selectivity compared to direct glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,2-propanediol. This is not the case for 1,3-propanediol, for which further studies need to be conducted to evaluate its feasibility.

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Section: Glycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Propanediols through In Situ Glycerol Hydrogenolysis via Aqueous Phase Reforming: A Review

et al. 2022

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Sulfonated Graphene‐Based Materials as Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts for Solketal Synthesis by Acetalization of Glycerol

Gil‐Gavilán,

Amaro‐Gahete,

Rojas‐Luna

et al. 2024

ChemCatChem

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Acid catalysis plays a pivotal role in the industrial landscape due to its contributions to various chemical processes in numerous sectors, including petrochemicals, polymers, food processing, and biodiesel production, among others. Sulfonated graphenes hold notable relevance as heterogeneous acid catalysts due to their unique combination of graphene's structural properties and the introduction of sulfonic groups as catalytic acid sites. Herein, we report the preparation of three sulfonated graphene‐based materials ‐ sulfonated reduced graphene oxide (rGO‐SO3H), chlorosulfonated reduced graphene oxide (rGO‐HSO3Cl) and sulfonated graphene oxide (GO‐SO3H)‐ by different synthetic approaches. Physicochemical, textural, morphological, and acidic properties were characterized by different instrumental techniques. Innovatively, these materials have been evaluated as heterogenenous acid catalysts in the solketal synthesis by acetalization of glycerol, which is considered an interesting building block to produce added‐value products. The density of acidic active sites and hydrophobicity were found to be conditioning parameters of the resulting catalytic activity in terms of conversion and selectivity. The best catalytic performance was obtained by rGO‐SO3H, reaching the maximum conversion towards solketal in 15 minutes under mild reaction conditions. The reusability and stability of all materials were also examined after three consecutive acetalization reactions with only a slight loss of catalytic activity.

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Conversion of carbonaceous materials into solid acids for tylosin mitigation: effect of preprocessing methods on the reactivity of sulfonation reaction

Wang

Dou

Zhang

et al. 2023

Biochar

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Carbon-based solid acids have been successfully employed as acidic catalysts for pollutant mitigation in wastewater. To fully tap the potentials of commercially viable carbons for the preparation of solid acids and enhance their catalytic performances is a challenging problem. In this work, three commercialized carbons including biochar, activated carbon and graphite were preprocessed (ball-milling, Hummer exfoliation, HNO3 soaking, and microwave heating in HNO3, etc.), sulfonated, and evaluated as solid-acid catalysts for tylosin mitigation. Graphite-originated solid acid performed the best through a balling-milling preprocess, while biochar-originated solid acids behaved well under all preprocessing treatments, in which 40 mg L−1 of tylosin was mitigated within 8 min by 1 g L−1 of biochar-originated solid acids. The biochar solid acid through the ball-milling preprocess presented high total acidity and large amounts of –SO3H groups, due to dramatically increased surface area and the rise of activation groups (hydroxyl, alkyl and alkoxy groups, etc.) facilitating electrophilic reaction. In addition, decreased particle size and aromaticity and increased structural defects also contributed. Theoretical calculation of average local ionization energy (ALIE) of condensed aromatic model molecules with substituted activation groups confirmed the promoting effects on sulfonation from strong to weak were 8.40–9.06 eV. These findings have deepened the knowledge in tuning carbon surface chemistry for better sulfonation, thus strengthening catalytic degradation of tylosin. The value of this study is in pulling a clear thread for maneuvering solid-acid catalysts using carbons, which holds a novel promise for rationally functionalizing biochar-based catalysts for the remediation of macrolide antibiotics in polluted water. Graphical Abstract

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Sulfonated Reduced Graphene Oxide: An Acid Catalyst that Efficiently Promotes the Esterification of Glycerol

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Production of Propanediols through In Situ Glycerol Hydrogenolysis via Aqueous Phase Reforming: A Review

Production of Propanediols through In Situ Glycerol Hydrogenolysis via Aqueous Phase Reforming: A Review

Sulfonated Graphene‐Based Materials as Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts for Solketal Synthesis by Acetalization of Glycerol

Conversion of carbonaceous materials into solid acids for tylosin mitigation: effect of preprocessing methods on the reactivity of sulfonation reaction

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