Catalyst/Feedstock Ratio Effect on FCC Using Different Catalysts Samples

Abstract

The present study is a follow-up to a recent authors contribution which describes the effect of the C/O (catalyst/oil) ratio on catalytic cracking activity and catalyst deactivation. This study, while valuable, was limited to one fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst. The aim of the present study is to consider the C/O effect using three FCC catalysts with different activities and acidities. Catalysts were characterized in terms of crystallinity, total acidity, specific surface Area (SSA), temperature programmed ammonia desorption (NH3-TPD), and pyridine chemisorption. 1,3,5-TIPB (1,3,5-tri-isopropyl benzene) catalytic cracking runs were carried out in a bench-scale mini-fluidized batch unit CREC (chemical reactor engineering centre) riser simulator. All data were taken at 550 °C with a contact time of 7 s. Every experiment involved 0.2 g of 1,3,5-TIPB with the amount of catalyst changing in the 0.12–1 g range. The resulting 0.6–5 g oil/g cat ratios showed a consistent 1,3,5-TIPB conversion increasing first, then stabilizing, and finally decreasing modestly. On the other hand, coke formation and undesirable benzene selectivity always rose. Thus, the reported results show that catalyst density affects both catalyst coking and deactivation, displaying an optimum C/O ratio, achieving maximum hydrocarbon conversions in FCC units.

Hydrocracking of crude palm oil to a biofuel using zirconium nitride and zirconium phosphide-modified bentonite

“…An increase in the metal loading caused a high catalyst density; as a consequence, the interaction of the active site of the catalyst with the adsorbed hydrocarbon species increased. 75 As a result, hydrocracking took place efficiently, thus leading to high CPO conversion.…”

“…An increase in the metal loading caused a high catalyst density; as a consequence, the interaction of the active site of the catalyst with the adsorbed hydrocarbon species increased. 75 As a result, hydrocracking took place efficiently, thus leading to high CPO conversion. According to Utami et al 76 the transition metal, in this case, zirconium, had a Lewis acid feature that could promote the cracking process of longer chain hydrocarbons into shorter ones.…”

Hydrocracking optimization of palm oil to bio-gasoline and bio-aviation fuels using molybdenum nitride-bentonite catalyst

“…A high catalyst to feed ratio was attributed to a high total surface that efficiently promoted palm oil's hydrocracking. According to Alkhlel and de Lasa, 82 the increase in the catalyst to feed ratio leads to the high density of the catalyst. Consequently, the interaction of the active site of catalysts with the adsorbed hydrocarbon species incremented.…”

A Model of Catalytic Cracking: Catalyst Deactivation Induced by Feedstock and Process Variables

“…Such conditions result in the formation of graphitized coke and irreversible deactivation by the pore clogging. In [21], the authors describe the effect of the catalyst-to-oil ratio on activity of three FCC catalysts using 1,3,5-tri-isopropyl benzene experimentally. They show that catalyst density affects both catalyst coking and deactivation, displaying an optimum catalyst-to-oil ratio for achieving maximum hydrocarbon conversions in FCC units.…”