Carter, David Schiff. Oxford University Press. $22.99.

Carey, Christian

doi:10.1017/s0040298218001067

Cited by 11 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Number is considered a fundamental perceptual feature that our brain process early to attain a complete representation of the external world (47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53; for a different perspective see 54). It seems that numerical competence did not emerge de novo in linguistic/symbolic adult humans, but was likely built on precursors available soon after birth (11, 55, 56). From this perspective, a non-symbolic number sense can be considered a developmental building block for the uniquely human capacity for mathematics (57).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mental number line in human newborns

Rugani

Lunghi

Giorgio

et al. 2017

Preprint

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2 3 In the 19 th century Francis Galton first reported that humans represent numbers on a 4 mental number line with smaller numbers on the left and larger numbers on the right. It has 5 been suggested that this orientation emerges as a result of reading/writing habits for both 6 words or numbers. Recent evidence in animals and infants in the first months of life has 7 challenged the primary role of language in determining the left-to-right direction of spatial-8 numerical association, SNA. However, the possibility that SNA is learnt by early exposure to 9 caregivers' directional biases is still open. Here we show that 55-hour-old newborns, once 10 habituated to a number (i.e., 12), spontaneously associated a smaller number (i.e., 4) with the 11 left side and a larger number (i.e., 36) with the right side of space. Moreover, SNA in neonates 12 was not absolute but relative. The same number (i.e., 12) was associated with the left side 13 whenever the previously experienced number was larger (i.e., 36), but with the right side 14 whenever the number was smaller (i.e., 4). Control on continuous physical variables showed 15 that the effect was specific of discrete magnitudes. Hence, soon after birth humans associate 16 smaller numbers with the left space and larger numbers with the right space. These results 17 constitute strong evidence that in our species SNA originates from pre-linguistic and 18 biologically precursors in the brain.19 20 21 SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT 22 For human adults, the representation of number and space is profoundly intertwined. 23 Humans represent numbers on a left to right oriented Mental Number Line (MNL), with 24 small numbers located on the left and larger ones on the right. How do these connections 25 3 arise? Do we learn to associate numbers with space throughout cultural learning and social 1 interactions or is this association rooted in the biology of the human brain? We showed that 2 neonates spontaneously associate numbers with space. After being habituated to a certain 3 number, neonates associated a smaller number with the left and a larger number with the 4 right side. This evidence demonstrates that a predisposition to map numbers onto space is 5 rooted in human neural systems.6 7

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mental number line in human newborns

Rugani

Lunghi

Giorgio

et al. 2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The presence of a natural representational kind is suggested by such “characteristic psychological effects” (Smortchkova & Murez forthcoming; cp. Carey 2009), and the fact that they cluster together provides evidence for a single underlying representation. This representation contains an element that referentially picks out an individual and attributives that encode features along dimensions like color, shape, orientation, and size, as well as categorical information (Green & Quilty‐Dunn 2017).…”

Section: Three Models Of the Perceptual Reference‐attribution Relationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2020), apparent motion (Odic et al. 2012), Ternus displays (Hein & Cavanagh 2012), the tunnel effect (Flombaum & Scholl 2006), and even enumeration of small sets (Chesney & Haladjian 2011), as well as a multiplicity of paradigms in developmental psychology (Carey 2009). PORs also seem to be the vehicles of object‐based representation in visual working memory (Hollingworth & Rasmussen 2010; Gao et al.…”

Section: Three Models Of the Perceptual Reference‐attribution Relationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2012) showed that the object‐specific preview benefit follows apparent motion in these cases. The developmental literature also suggests that infants under a year old privilege spatiotemporal information in computing object correspondence even when relevant kind/featural information is successfully encoded (Xu & Carey 1996; Carey 2009, 77–83).…”

Section: Three Models Of the Perceptual Reference‐attribution Relationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceptual attribution and perceptual reference

Quilty‐Dunn

Green

2021

Philos Phenomenol Research

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Perceptual representations pick out individuals and attribute properties to them. This paper considers the role of perceptual attribution in determining or guiding perceptual reference to objects. We consider three extant models of the relation between perceptual attribution and perceptual reference--all attribution guides reference, no attribution guides reference, or a privileged subset of attributions guides reference--and argue that empirical evidence undermines all three. We then defend a flexible-attributives model, on which the range of perceptual attributives used to guide reference shifts adaptively with context. This model underscores the remarkable and dynamic intelligence of our perceptual capacities. We elucidate implications of the model for the boundary between perception and propositional thought.

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“…One reason to suspect that individuals who hold different God concepts also hold different God-related beliefs is that correlations between concepts and beliefs have been documented in several other domains of knowledge [14–15]. In physics, different concepts of force are correlated with different beliefs about acceleration, momentum, and inertia [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theories of God: Explanatory coherence in religious cognition

Shtulman

Rattner

2018

PLoS ONE

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Representations of God in art, literature, and discourse range from the highly anthropomorphic to the highly abstract. The present study explored whether people who endorse anthropomorphic God concepts hold different religious beliefs and engage in different religious practices than those who endorse abstract concepts. Adults of various religious affiliations (n = 275) completed a questionnaire that probed their beliefs about God, angels, Satan, Heaven, Hell, cosmogenesis, anthropogenesis, human suffering, and human misdeeds, as well as their experiences regarding prayer, worship, and religious development. Responses to the questionnaire were analyzed by how strongly participants anthropomorphized God in a property-attribution task. Overall, the more participants anthropomorphized God, the more concretely they interpreted religious ideas, importing their understanding of human affairs into their understanding of divine affairs. These findings suggest not only that individuals vary greatly in how they interpret the same religious ideas but also that those interpretations cohere along a concrete-to-abstract dimension, anchored on the concrete side by our everyday notions of people.

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Carter, David Schiff. Oxford University Press. $22.99.

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

A mental number line in human newborns

A mental number line in human newborns

Perceptual attribution and perceptual reference

Theories of God: Explanatory coherence in religious cognition

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