Carotenoids: Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases Remediation

Abstract

Numerous factors can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Oxidative stress (OS), a fairly common ND symptom, can be caused by more reactive oxygen species being made. In addition, the pathological state of NDs, which includes a high number of protein aggregates, could make chronic inflammation worse by activating microglia. Carotenoids, often known as “CTs”, are pigments that exist naturally and play a vital role in the prevention of several brain illnesses. CTs are organic pigments with major significance in ND prevention. More than 600 CTs have been discovered in nature, and they may be found in a wide variety of creatures. Different forms of CTs are responsible for the red, yellow, and orange pigments seen in many animals and plants. Because of their unique structure, CTs exhibit a wide range of bioactive effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The preventive effects of CTs have led researchers to find a strong correlation between CT levels in the body and the avoidance and treatment of several ailments, including NDs. To further understand the connection between OS, neuroinflammation, and NDs, a literature review has been compiled. In addition, we have focused on the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of CTs for the treatment and management of NDs.

Association between circulating antioxidants and sleep disorders: comprehensive results from NHANES 2017–2018

“…36,[38][39][40] The possible protective effects of carotenoids in mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases were also mentioned in other studies. 41,42 Higher serum concentrations and dietary intake doses of carotenoids were considered as protective lifestyle factors against chronic diseases. 27 A systemic meta-analysis based on various worldwide cohorts further indicated that a higher carotenoid intake might reduce the risk of all-cause mortality.…”

“…26,49 Singlet oxygen could lead to lipid peroxidation and ROS accumulation, whereas sustained high levels of ROS could cause oxidative stress and disrupt the redox balance. 41,42,50 As such, carotenoids are believed to have neuroprotective potential against oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. 51,52 Also, sleep disorders are classified as oxidative stress-related diseases and are closely associated with mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.…”

The Importance of Antioxidant Activity for the Health-Promoting Effect of Lycopene

“…This protein leads to the formation of intracellular Lewy bodies. The aggregation of these proteins causes mitochondrial dysfunction, the generation of reactive oxygen species, microglial overactivation, and chronic inflammation, leading to DNA damage and apoptosis neurons in the brain [120,121].…”

Clinical rationale for dietary lutein supplementation in post COVID-19 and mRNA vaccine injury syndromes

“…1 The daily dietary intake of lutein is considered of important medical value as it combats a wide range of pathologies including diseases of the eyes, nervous system, heart, skin, and many others. [1][2][3] Moreover, an increased concentration of lutein in the blood is positively associated with a) increased respiratory function and b) decreased mortality from respiratory diseases. 4 A recent study highlights the urgency of implementing biopharmaceutical-nutrient rich dietary components, including lutein, in order to improve immune function and enhance antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”