Carotenoids and Some Other Pigments from Fungi and Yeasts

Abstract

Carotenoids are an essential group of compounds that may be obtained by microbiological synthesis. They are instrumental in various areas of industry, medicine, agriculture, and ecology. The increase of carotenoids’ demand at the global market is now essential. At the moment, the production of natural carotenoids is more expensive than obtaining their synthetic forms, but several new approaches/directions on how to decrease this difference were developed during the last decades. This review briefly describes the information accumulated until now about the beneficial effects of carotenoids on human health protection, their possible application in the treatments of various diseases, and their use in the food and feed industry. This review also describes some issues that are linked with biotechnological production of fungal and yeasts carotenoids, as well as new approaches/directions to make their biotechnological production more efficient.

Mini-Revisão Sobre Os Carotenoides: Conceitos, Fontes E Atividades Biológicas

“…O aumento da demanda de carotenóides no mercado global tem sido cada vez mais consistente. No momento, a produção de carotenoides naturais é mais cara do que a obtenção de suas formas sintéticas, contudo, várias novas abordagens tem sido relatadas usando fontes naturais (RAPOPORT et al, 2021), uma vez que os resíduos agroindustriais são um recurso natural inexplorado de compostos bioativos, incluindo carotenóides (NAGARAJAN et al, 2020). Dentro desse contexto, a partir da busca científica, foram selecionados 67 trabalhos publicados entre os anos de 2005 à 2021.…”

Colorful Treasure From Agro-Industrial Wastes: A Sustainable Chassis for Microbial Pigment Production

“…Pichia, Rhodotorula, Xanthophyllomyces, Rhodosporidium, Sporobolomyces , and Sporidiobolus are also potent producers of various carotenoids and other pigments. The most commonly produced carotenoids by yeast include β-carotene, torulene, astaxanthin, and canthaxanthin ( Mata-Gómez et al, 2014 ; Rapoport et al, 2021 ). For the optically active astaxanthin, the 3R, 3′R isomeric form is produced by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous .…”

“…For the optically active astaxanthin, the 3R, 3′R isomeric form is produced by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous . The torularhodin produced by Sporobolomyces or Rhodotorula genera has robust antimicrobial properties which makes it suitable for many pharmaceutical applications ( Rapoport et al, 2021 ).…”

Red Seaweed Pigments from a Biotechnological Perspective

“…Carotenoids enhance the nutritional value of a myriad of natural sources, such as fruit and vegetables, eggs, fish, algae, fungi, and yeasts [157,158]. In the human diet, approximately 50 carotenoids can be found [152].…”

“…Recent reviews regarding carotenoids (from 2016 onwards) can be found, that deal with their potential health benefits [147,151,[162][163][164], bio-accessibility [148,164], metabolism and biosynthesis [149,165], dietary sources [158], production [157,[166][167][168], extraction and analysis [158], and biotechnological potential [167]; again, most of these examples focus on either microalgae or fungi or, at least, they are not solely focused on macroalgae. By searching the word "carotenoid", Patentscope holds 4701 registered patents, using the search field "front page" [16].…”