Caries experience and salivary aspects in individuals with fragile X syndrome

Abstract

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common cause of hereditary mental retardation, but studies on the oral health condition of these patients are rare. The aim of this study was to determine the experience of dental caries in individuals with FXS, by examining the saliva profile, oral hygiene, socioeconomic characteristics and use of controlled drugs in these patients. Dental health was estimated using the decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMF-T) and sialometry, and the pH value and buffering capacity of the saliva, colony forming units of S. mutans (CFU/mL), visible biofilm index, and socioeconomic status were all examined. The sample, comprising 23 individuals, had an average age of 17.3 ± 5.6 years, a DMF-T index of 5.5, a diminished salivary flow (78.3%), and a low (73.9%) saliva buffering capacity. Most (52.2%) individuals presented with a high abundance (CFU/mL) of S. mutans. The experience of caries was correlated with salivary parameters, poor oral hygiene, lower socioeconomic status and an increased count of S. mutans in saliva.

Caries in children with lactose intolerance and cow's milk protein allergy

“…11 Total and/or definitive exclusion of lactose from the diet of children with CMPA or LI depends on a precise medical diagnosis and normally involves soy-based formulas or other milk substitutions, sweetened or not with sucrose and nutritionally adequate, 12 whose capacit y to cause enamel demineralization of deciduous teeth and to form biofilm is poorly known. 13 Children with special healthcare needs, such as those with fragile X syndrome 15 , growth disorders, gastroesophageal reflux, and IL, are prone to oral diseases. 14 Dentists are, therefore, better prepared to identify children at high risk for dental caries and other oral diseases, which allows for an early intervention.…”

Impacto en la calidad de vida de los tratamientos odontológicos bajo anestesia general en pacientes con discapacidad intelectual

“…Conforme ha pasado el tiempo, la incidencia del autismo se ha incrementado sustancialmente [129,130]. Así, en un estudio realizado en 2012 por el [141]. Aunque la prevalencia es mayor en hombres que en mujeres, los casos que se producen en las mujeres tienen menores afectaciones clínicas.…”

“…Aunque la prevalencia es mayor en hombres que en mujeres, los casos que se producen en las mujeres tienen menores afectaciones clínicas. Es el responsable de alteraciones sistémicas, problemas de comportamiento, dificultad de aprendizaje y retraso mental [141,142].…”

“…Físicamente, los individuos afectados por este síndrome tienen unas características tales como cara larga, orejas prominentes, estrabismo, "pectus excavatum", aumento del tamaño testicular y prolapso de la válvula mitral. Además, a nivel psicológico presentan retraso mental, características autísticas e hiperactividad [141,142].…”

“…A nivel oral podemos encontrarnos con un paladar estrecho y ojival, prognatismo, macroglosia, déficit de higiene oral, hipoplasia del esmalte, maloclusiones (mordida cruzada y abierta), hipodoncia, alteraciones de forma dentaria, macrodoncia, caninos incluidos, caries y gingivitis [141,142]. En la Figura 7 podemos observar una imagen intraoral de un paciente con S. X Frágil tras una profilaxis, donde observamos la malposición dentaria.…”