Background: Elderly family caregivers are presumed to be susceptible to having various health problems. However, biomedical indicators of health in these caregivers are rarely examined.Objective: To examine the effect of sleep quality, measured by hours of sleep and the number of times leaving bed, on various blood pressure parameters in elderly caregivers.Design: Observational study.Setting: Northern Japan.Participants: 78 female family caregivers.Methods: Ambulatory blood pressure was monitored at 30-60-minute intervals for a 24-hour period. An actigraph was used to determine sleep/wake status. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to obtain home care and demographic information, and self-administered questionnaires were used to collect information on activities in a 24-hour period.Results: The mean age of the caregivers was 62.5 ± 9.6 years, and the mean hours of sleep were 7.3. Out of 78 caregivers, 19 were on antihypertensive medication. Of the remaining 59, this study found 45.8% to be hypertensive, with the mean maximum systolic pressure exceeding 180 mmHg. The hours of sleep at night and for the 24-hour period were inversely associated with the mean systolic blood pressure. The majority of caregivers on antihypertensive medication also had high blood pressure.Conclusions: This study suggests the importance of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for elderly caregivers, so as to screen for hypertension as well as to monitor the effectiveness of antihypertensive medication.Key words: family caregiver, ambulatory blood pressure, actigraph, sleep, nighttime care 1 What is already known about the topic:The majority of research on caregivers has dealt with the mental health aspects of care or the self-reported impacts of the care burden on physical health. Biomedical indicators of health in caregivers have rarely been examined.Twenty-four-hour blood pressure monitoring can be used to obtain a differential diagnosis of hypertension.Only a few studies have examined changes in 24-hour blood pressure among family caregivers, and the prevalence of hypertension among elderly caregivers is not known.Systolic blood pressure during sleep can indicate a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, only a pilot study had examined the association between sleep status and blood pressure in family caregivers.
What this paper adds:Among participants who were not on antihypertensive medication, over 40% were found to be hypertensive.Caregivers who through this study were newly found to have hypertension had higher mean maximum values of systolic blood pressure and greater fluctuation in systolic blood pressure during a 24-hour period than normotensive caregivers.Fewer hours of sleep were associated with higher mean systolic blood pressure during daytime activity as well as higher mean 24-hour systolic blood pressure among the newly found hypertension group.The majority of the participants who were on antihypertensive medication still had high mean blood pressure values, which suggests the importance of 2...