a variety of infectious agents were identified as the cause of outbreaks in the elderly and HCWs in LTCFs. Attack rates and case fatality rates are useful indicators for setting priorities for education and prevention of the outbreaks.
Quantitative studies on the quality of life of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) have focused on functional improvement and pain reduction, but patients' perspectives of THA have not been examined in detail. The aim of our study was to investigate, describe, and analyze patients' experience before and after THA by using a qualitative research method. Twenty patients with OA who had undergone primary THA were recruited for this study. The qualitative data obtained were analyzed using content analysis. Participants reported dramatic improvements in pain and disability. However, detailed interviews disclosed problems that the participants faced during the preoperative period, such as an inferiority complex related to abnormal posture. During the postoperative period, some participants suffered from distress over body image related to the artificial joint. This report also suggests possible nursing interventions to deal with these problems.
The prevalence of and risk factors associated with extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)-producing micro-organisms have not been well studied in healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to determine this in healthy individuals in Thailand. Stool samples and questionnaires obtained from 445 participants from three provinces in Thailand were analysed. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was assessed using phenotypic and genotypic methods. PCR analysis was performed to detect and group the bla CTX-M genes. The prevalence of CTX-M-type ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the three provinces was as follows: 29.3 % in Nan (43/147), 29.9 % in Nakhon Si Thammarat (43/144) and 50.6 % in Kanchanaburi (78/154) (P,0.001). Of the 445 samples, 33 (7.4 %), 1 (0.2 %) and 127 (28.5 %) isolates belonged to the bla CTX-M gene groups I, III and IV, respectively. Escherichia coli was the predominant member of the Enterobacteriaceae producing CTX-M-type ESBLs (40/43, 39/43 and 70/78 isolates in Nan, Nakhon Si Thammarat and Kanchanaburi, respectively). No statistically significant association was observed between the presence of ESBL-producing bacteria and gender, age, education, food habits or antibiotic usage. However, the provinces that had the highest prevalence of ESBLproducing Enterobacteriaceae also had the highest prevalence of use and purchase of antibiotics without a prescription. Thus, this study revealed that faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae is very high in asymptomatic individuals in Thailand, with some variations among the provinces. This high prevalence may be linked to antibiotic abuse.
Videotaping, direct observation, and biomechanical devices have been used to measure the wandering behavior of institutionalized people with dementia and to identify patterns of movement. Owing to technical limitations, the variability in movement patterns or the distance traveled could not be examined. The present study examined the feasibility of an integrated circuit tag monitoring system to monitor the movement patterns of Japanese dementia residents. This system generated the following data: the frequency of detection by each receiver, the duration of stay in each location, the cumulative distance walked per day, and the graphic display of the movement pattern. This new system offers objective measurements of ambulation in time and space, which can be used to characterize demented patients and to evaluate the effects of treatment and care.
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