Mentally ill caregivers: Reverse burden of care and its relationship with medication adherence among women in India - an exploratory study.

Abstract

Background: Caregivers (CGs) are often less adherent to medication due to the burden of caregiving. Women are often the main CGs in the family. The level of burden of care and medication adherence in mentally ill women CGs is unexplored. Aims: This study aimed to find out the levels of burden of care and its relationship with medication adherence in remitted mentally ill women CGs. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study, 100 remitted mentally ill women were recruited as per the selection criteria and assessed with sociodemographic pro forma, Zarit CG Burden Interview, and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Results: More than half of the participants experienced significant burden (27% with mild-moderate burden, 19% with moderate to severe burden, and 7% with severe burden). 39% of the participants had high adherence, while the rest had medium to low adherence (36% medium and 25% low). Caregiving burden was more among employed (P = 0.005), married (P = 0.035), rural residence (P = 0.050), living with spouse (P = 0.050), and poor knowledge of treatment options (P = 0.000). In multiple linear regression analysis, role strain had a significant association with medication adherence (P = 0.002). Conclusions: Significant caregiving burden and low medication adherence are common in remitted mentally ill women CGs. Role strains are positively associated with medication adherence.

Medication nonadherence and its associated factors in psychiatric patients in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…A total of 42 studies[ 7 - 11 , 14 - 50 ] with a pooled sample size of 6,268 patients were included in the systematic review. Among them, 32 studies[ 7 - 11 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 20 - 22 , 24 - 26 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 34 - 42 , 45 - 50 ] with a pooled sample size of 4,964 were included in the meta-analysis.…”

Violências sofridas e dirigidas às pessoas diagnosticadas com transtorno psíquico: uma revisão integrativa

“…Violência contra a mulher foi investigada em 4 estudos (Örmon, Sunnqvist, Bahtsevani, & Levander, 2016;Pedrosa & Zanello, 2016;Ram, 2017;Islam, Jahan, & Hossain, 2018). Violência sexual foi investigada em 3 pesquisas (Oliveira, Machado, & Guimarães, 2012;Ashmore, Spangaro, & McNamara, 2015;Barbosa, Martins, Souza, & Freitas, 2015).…”

“…Segue-se a violência psicológica com 26 ocorrências, esta categoria engloba a ameaça, que surge em 10 artigos (Katsikidou et al, 2012;Kamperman et al, 2014;Valadares & Souza, 2014;Meijwaard et al, 2015;Persson, Belfrage, & Kristiansson, 2017;Waal et al, 2017;Dean et al, 2018;Husum, Legernes, & Pedersen, 2019;Wu, Cheng, Chow, & Lee, 2020). Ainda como violência psicológica, 8 estudos abordam a violência emocional (Flores & Machuca, 2011;Fekry et al, 2012;Khalifeh et al, 2015a;Khalifeh et al, 2015b;Örmon et al, 2016;Ram, 2017;El Missiry et al, 2019;Husum, Legernes, & Pedersen, 2019). A humilhação é apontada por 4 artigos (Valadares & Souza, 2014;Bressan & Marcolan, 2016;Islam et al, 2018;Husum et al, 2019), e 4 estudos apontam violência psicológica sem especificação (Cases et al, 2014;Valadares & Souza, 2014;Bressan & Marcolan, 2016;Islam et al, 2018).…”

“…A violência física é apontada sem caracterização em 24 estudos (Flores & Machuca, 2011;Katsikidou et al, 2012;Fekry et al, 2012;Oliveira et al, 2013;Cases et al, 2014;Desmarais et al, 2014;Tsigebrhan et al, 2014;Valadares & Souza, 2014;Kamperman et al, 2014;Barbosa et al, 2015;De Mooji et al, 2015;Khalifeh et al, 2015a;;Khalifeh et al, 2015b;Meijwaard et al, 2015;Bressan & Marcolan, 2016;Örmon et al, 2016;Ram, 2017;Persson et al, 2017;Waal et al, 2017;Islam et al, 2018;Bhavsar et al, 2019;El Missiry et al, 2019;Leal & Martin, 2019;Wu et al, 2020). No mesmo sentido, a violência sexual é apontada em 19 artigos sem outras especificações (Flores & Machuca, 2011;Fekry et al, 2012;Oliveira et al, 2012;Cases et al, 2014;Kamperman et al, 2014;Valadares & Souza, 2014;Tsigebrhan et al, 2014;Ashmore et al, 2015;Barbosa et al, 2015;De Mooji et al, 2015;Khalifeh et al, 2015a;Khalifeh et al, 2015b;Meijwaard et al, 2015;Bressan & Marcolan, 2016;Ö...…”

“…A subcategoria violência interpessoal está presente na tipologia de violência e compreende violência verbal, em 6 estudos (Fekry et al, 2012;Tsigebrhan et al, 2014;Bressan & Marcolan, 2016;Islam et al, 2018;El Missiry et al, 2019;Leal & Martin, 2019); uso de poder está presente em 3 estudos (Modena & Passos, 2011;Husum, Legernes, & Pedersen, 2019;Wu et al, 2020), assédio (Kamperman et al, 2014;Ram, 2017), maus tratos (Valadares & Souza, 2014;Bressan & Marcolan, 2016) Barbosa et al, 2015). 9 estudos dos 41 presentes na revisão integrativa citaram privação/negligência na experiência de pessoas em sofrimento psíquico.…”