“…Acute pain episodes are the single biggest reason for emergency department (ED) visits or hospitalizations in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) (Ballas, 1995;Khattab, Rawlings, & Ali, 2006;Platt, Eckman, Beasley, & Miller 2002;Yale, Nagib, & Guthrie, 2000), but unfortunately, sickle cell pain management has been inadequate and suboptimal (Benjamin et al 1999;Jacob & Mueller, 2008). This practice has been attributed to inadequate clinician education, (Clarke, French, Bilodeau, Capasso, Edwards, & Empoliti, 1996;Haywood et al, 2009;Pack-Mabien, Labbe, Herbert, & Haynes, 2001;Solomon, 2008), negative attitude and failure to apply available pain management guidelines (Jacob & Mueller, 2008;Jacob, 2001b).…”