Cardiorespiratory response to exercise of nonsmokers occupationally exposed to second hand smoke (SHS)

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Occupational exposure to Second Hand Smoke (SHS) continues to be an issue, even in countries with strong tobacco control legislation. The current study assessed the effect of chronic occupational exposure to SHS on cardiorespiratory exercise response among healthy adult non-smokers. METHODS 60 healthy non-smokers; 38 men, 22 women, aged 18-58 years with body mass index (BMI)<30 were separated into exposed to occupational SHS (exposed, n=30) and those non-exposed (controls, n=30) to occupational SHS in the hospitality sector. All individuals underwent baseline spirometry and ergospirometry testing. Non-smoking status was confirmed with exhaled CO, SHS exposure with urine cotinine measurement and indoor environmental pollution with PM2.5 concentration. Statistical differences among groups were determined with an independent t-test and p-value set to <0.05. RESULTS The exposed group had an average range of 6.9% to 14% lower exercise performance against their % predicted compared to controls. Significant mean differences standard deviation found between groups for ergospirometry were: oxygen uptake (VO 2 , mL/minute) 11.8 3.9 (p=0.004) and 11.7 4.8 (p=0.019); carbon dioxide output (VCO 2 ) 14.0 3.7 (p<0.001) and 13.4 5.0 (p=0.009); metabolic equivalents (METS) 11.9 3.9 (p=0.003) and 11.7 4.9 (p=0.018) and for oxygen pulse (VO 2 /HR) 16.6 7.551 (p=0.032) and 11.9 4.554 (p=0.011) at points of maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) and recovery (RC) against % predicted values, respectively. CONCLUSION Chronic occupational SHS exposure among non-smokers deteriorates CR exercise performance. Its impact on chronic disease development should be further explored. These results add to the evidence of the importance of enforcing clean indoor air legislations..Cardiorespiratory response to exercise of nonsmokers occupationally exposed to second hand smoke (SHS)

Association of health warning labels and motivation to quit waterpipe tobacco smoking among university students in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

“…Irrespective of the compliance of the waterpipe HWL with the FCTC recommendations on the tobacco pack, the lack of exposure to the tobacco pack in café settings means that a considerable proportion of the targeted population is not reached. In line with other studies 9 , 20 , 21 , we found that placing the HWL on the mouthpiece would make it most noticeable for both males and females. While a prior study suggested that this location would be the most effective for non-users 16 , our study suggests that placing a health warning on the mouthpiece is also effective for current waterpipe smokers.…”

“…These variations emphasize the importance of targeted interventions and policies in café settings and those targeting café-only smokers. Our study also confirms previous policy recommendations related to placing the targeted HWL on the waterpipe device, especially the mouthpiece 14 , 20 , 21 .…”

“…Although Article 11 of the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) has clearly recommended parties to adopt HWLs on all tobacco products, current WTS labels do not abide by the policies in terms of pictorial health warning, packaging, font warning size, and labelling of tobacco constituents 18 . Also, waterpipe HWLs are mostly present on tobacco packs, meaning that many users are rarely exposed to them 19 , 20 . In a qualitative study, adult smokers and non-smokers in Egypt stated that the placement of pictorial HWLs on the waterpipe device (as opposed to tobacco packs) would increase warning visibility, reduce intent for WTS initiation, and increase willingness to quit 21 .…”

E-cigarette and dual product use as an emerging health threat to the US military

“…For example, an analysis of seven Air Force technical trainee recruitment cohorts between April 2013 and December 2014 demonstrated a 6% prevalence of ENDS use among trainees 10 . A small Navy study in Jacksonville, Florida, concluded that nearly 30% of Naval SMs had tried ENDS, and 9.3% were current users 12 . That study found similar associations between ENDS use and income and education as found in this study 12 .…”

“…A small Navy study in Jacksonville, Florida, concluded that nearly 30% of Naval SMs had tried ENDS, and 9.3% were current users 12 . That study found similar associations between ENDS use and income and education as found in this study 12 . An analysis of US Army infantry soldiers in Hawaii found 20% prevalence of ENDS use 11 .…”