Cardiac responses to maximal upright cycle exercise in healthy boys and men

Rowland, Thomas; Popowski, Barbara; Ferrone, Lisa

doi:10.1097/00005768-199709000-00005

Cited by 47 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…To date, cardiovascular adaptations in children have been assessed with cardiac output, stroke volume, left ventricular dimensions and heart rate kinetics in relation with the work rate or oxygen uptake Rowland et al 1997;Vinet et al 2002). Most have included boys only, and few studies have investigated cardiovascular responses to exercise in young boys and girls (<10 years old).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The acute effect of maximal exercise on central and peripheral arterial stiffness indices and hemodynamics in children and adults

Melo

Fernhall²,

Santos

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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This study compared the effects of a bout of maximal running exercise on arterial stiffness in children and adults. Right carotid blood pressure and artery stiffness indices measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV), compliance and distensibility coefficients, stiffness index α and β (echo-tracking), contralateral carotid blood pressure, and upper and lower limb and central/aortic PWV (applanation tonometry) were taken at rest and 10 min after a bout of maximal treadmill running in 34 children (7.38 ± 0.38 years) and 45 young adults (25.22 ± 0.91 years) having similar aerobic potential. Two-by-two repeated measures analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were used to detect differences with exercise between groups. Carotid pulse pressure (PP; η2 = 0.394) increased more in adults after exercise (p < 0.05). Compliance (η2 = 0.385) decreased in particular in adults and in those with high changes in distending pressure, similarly to stiffness index α and β. Carotid PWV increased more in adults and was related to local changes in PP but not mean arterial pressure (MAP). Stiffness in the lower limbs decreased (η2 = 0.115) but apparently only in those with small MAP changes (η2 = 0.111). No significant exercise or group interaction effects were found when variables were adjusted to height. An acute bout of maximal exercise can alter arterial stiffness and hemodynamics in the carotid artery and within the active muscle beds. Arterial stiffness and hemodynamic response to metabolic demands during exercise in children simply reflect their smaller body size and may not indicate a particular physiological difference compared with adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The acute effect of maximal exercise on central and peripheral arterial stiffness indices and hemodynamics in children and adults

Melo

Fernhall²,

Santos

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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“…This gives the following estimates: (19) Cardiac output is related to heart rate and stroke volume: (20) At rest, the stroke volume is empirically related to body height (de Simone et al 1997). (21) Cardiac output, at warm-up steady-state condition, can be approroximated (Miyamoto et al 1982;Rosenthal and Bush 1998;Rowland et al 1997;Vanyushin and Sitdikov 2001): (22) To obtain the warm-up, steady-state values of oxygen utilization and blood flow, we used steady-state relationships between skeletal muscle and lungs: (23) These assume that changes between the resting and warm-up steady states do not affect other system tissues (Clausen 1976;Delp and O'Leary 2004). Finally, combining these relationships, we obtain (24) where , HR W and HR R are the pulmonary oxygen uptake and heart rate values measured at rest and warm-up steady-states.…”

Section: Parameter Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating pulmonary oxygen uptake to muscle oxygen consumption at exercise onset: in vivo and in silico studies

et al. 2006

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Assessment of the rate of muscle oxygen consumption, UO 2m , in vivo during exercise involving a large muscle mass is critical for investigating mechanisms regulating energy metabolism at exercise onset. While UO 2m is technically difficult to obtain under these circumstances, pulmonary oxygen uptake, VO 2p , can be readily measured and used as a proxy to UO 2m . However, the quantitative relationship between VO 2p and UO 2m during the nonsteady phase of exercise in humans, needs to be established. A computational model of oxygen transport and utilizationbased on dynamic mass balances in blood and tissue cells-was applied to quantify the dynamic relationship between model-simulated UO 2m and measured VO 2p during moderate (M), heavy (H), and very heavy (V) intensity exercise. In seven human subjects, VO 2p and muscle oxygen © Springer-Verlag 2006 Correspondence to: M. E. Cabrera, mec6@cwru.edu. NIH Public Access

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“…Cardiac output in healthy children during exercise has been measured by several different techniques: CO 2 rebreathing (Bar-Or et al 1971;Gadhoke and Jones 1971;Godfrey et al 1971;Miyamura and Honda 1973;Turley and Wilmore 1997); inert gas uptake (Seely et al 1974); Doppler echocardiography (Rowland et al 1997(Rowland et al , 2000; or invasive techniques (Cumming 1977;Eriksson et al 1971). Godfrey et al (1971) provided reference values for stroke volume during upright exercise in a relatively large sample of children spanning the testable pediatric age range using the indirect Fick [CO 2 ] method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of exercise cardiac output by thoracic impedance in healthy children

Pianosi

2004

Eur J Appl Physiol

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The purpose of this study was to track changes in stroke volume during exercise by impedance cardiography in order to validate the method, and to obtain such data in a large number of healthy children for reference purposes. One hundred and fifteen healthy children (aged 7-19 years) performed progressive exercise to voluntary exhaustion with work increments every minute on a cycle ergometer. Oxygen uptake (VO(2)) was measured on a breath-by-breath system. Cardiac output was measured with an ICG-M501 impedance cardiograph. Stroke volume was normalized for body surface area and expressed as stroke volume index. Cardiac output was regressed against VO(2), and differences between stroke volume index at rest and exercise were assessed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Cardiac output increased linearly with VO(2) in all subjects: individual slopes and intercepts averaged 5.16 (1.56) l.min(-1) per l.min(-1) VO(2), and 4.25 (1.92) l.min(-1), respectively [mean (SD)]. Stroke volume index rose by an average of 29% from rest to exercise, reaching a maximum of 52 ml.m(-2) in boys and girls. Most subjects demonstrated a continuous, gentle rise in stroke volume index with increasing work rate, though a minority demonstrated a falling index as work increased above the anaerobic threshold, despite rising cardiac output. Impedance cardiography accurately tracks cardiac output and can be a useful clinical and research tool in pediatric cardiology and exercise physiology.

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Cardiac responses to maximal upright cycle exercise in healthy boys and men

Cited by 47 publications

References 23 publications

The acute effect of maximal exercise on central and peripheral arterial stiffness indices and hemodynamics in children and adults

The acute effect of maximal exercise on central and peripheral arterial stiffness indices and hemodynamics in children and adults

Relating pulmonary oxygen uptake to muscle oxygen consumption at exercise onset: in vivo and in silico studies

Measurement of exercise cardiac output by thoracic impedance in healthy children

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