Carboxybetaine Polymer‐Protected Gold Nanoparticles: High Dispersion Stability and Resistance against Non‐Specific Adsorption of Proteins

Abstract

Abstract1‐Carboxy‐N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐(2′‐methacryloyloxyethyl)methanaminium inner salt (CMB) was polymerized by ATRP initiated with a disulfide difunctionalized by 2‐bromoisobutyryl groups. The disulfide‐carrying carboxybetaine polymer (DT‐PCMB) was used for the preparation of PCMB‐protected gold nanoparticles (PCMB‐AuNPs) obtained by the reduction of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4) in the presence of the DT‐PCMB of different molecular weights at different molar ratios of DT‐PCMB and HAuCl4. The sizes of gold cores in the PCMB‐AuNPs tended to increase upon decreasing concentration and molecular weight of the DT‐PCMB. The PCMB‐AuNPs possessed a high dispersion stability, and showed a resistance against non‐specific adsorption of proteins (bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, lysozyme, and cytochrome c). Therefore, DT‐PCMB is a quite suitable stabilizing ligand to prepare inert AuNPs and the PCMB‐AuNPs will be useful in biomedical applications.magnified image

Structures and Synthesis of Zwitterionic Polymers

“…Similar to the revolutionary changes brought to polyelectrolyte synthesis [106], polyzwitterions have equally profited from this development. RDRP techniques offer direct access to polymers bearing zwitterionic groups with previously unthinkable features, such as predefined molar masses and narrow molar mass distributions [163,[182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189] as well as well-defined functional end groups [61,166,182,[190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208]. Moreover, complex architectures, such as block copolymers [14,[46][47][48]166,167,169,173,187,, graft copolymers [164,213,237,[241][242]…”

“…A particularly fertile aspect of the evolving RDRP methods for polyzwitterions has been the possibility to control "grafting-from" processes on surfaces [33,35,129,165,186,187,195,199,202,. This development has given rise to a wealth of activities aimed at producing thin, but dense tethered zwitterionic hydrogel films that control friction and adhesion, and may be above all, the fouling behavior of surfaces.…”

Anti‐Biofouling Properties of Polymers with a Carboxybetaine Moiety

“…Our group has recently found by using localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy that a polymer brush of carboxybetaine was highly resistant to non-specific adsorption of proteins. [17,18] Other research groups also have reported that modification of solid surfaces with carboxybetaine polymers reduced protein adsorption and platelet adhesion. [19,20] However, the biocompatibility (in other words, anti-biofouling property) of ''carboxybetaine copolymers'' has not been evaluated in detail.…”

Image Printing on the Surface of Anti‐Biofouling Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes by Ion Beam Irradiation

“…[31][32][33][34][35][36][37] The ATRP method has also been applied to the polymerization of various zwitterionic monomers. [2][3][4][5][6][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Zwitterionic polymers have been designed to mimic phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) that is abundant in cell membranes, and their applicability to the biomedical field has extensively been investigated. For example, polymer films composed of butyl methacrylate (BMA) and zwitterionic monomers such as 2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine (MPC, phosphobetaine), 3-sulfo-N,N-dimethyl-N-(3'-methacrylamidopropyl)propanaminium inner salt (SPB, sulfopropylbetaine with an amide form) and 1-carboxy-N,N-dimethyl-N-(2'-methacryloyloxyethyl)methanaminium inner salt [CMB, caboxymethylbetaine, Scheme1 (a)] were found to be highly biocompatible.…”

“…[38,39,65] In a recent study, it was reported that a CEB polymer grafted on a glass substrate highly resists against protein adsorption and cell adhesion. [2] In this report, a zwitterionic polymer brush-protected glass substrate was prepared by the ATRP of CMB from surfaceconfined initiating sites, and a resistance against non-specific adsorption of proteins to the surfaces of PCMB brush was examined.…”