Carbonyls: Powerful Organic Materials for Secondary Batteries

Abstract

The application of organic carbonyl compounds as high performance electrode materials in secondary batteries enables access to metal‐free, low‐cost, environmental friendly, flexible, and functional rechargeable energy storage systems. Organic compounds have so far not received much attention as potential active materials in batteries, mainly because of the success of inorganic materials in both research and commercial applications. However, new requirements in secondary batteries such as flexibility accompanied with low production costs and environmental friendliness, in particular for portable devices, reach the limit of inorganic electrode materials. Organic carbonyl compounds represent the most promising materials to satisfy these needs. Here, recent efforts of the research in the field of organic carbonyl materials for secondary batteries are summarized, and the working principle and the structural design of different groups of carbonyl material is presented. Finally, the influence of conductive additives and binders on the cell performance is closely evaluated for each class of materials.

From an Enhanced Understanding to Commercially Viable Electrodes: The Case of PTCLi4 as Sustainable Organic Lithium‐Ion Anode Material

“…[7,11] Also of great importance, when using single molecules rather than polymers, is the solubility of such materials in state-of-the-art battery electrolytes, such as polar organic carbonates. [6,8] This issue is commonly addressed inter alia by introducing ionic moieties, or by partial lithiation of the starting molecule.…”

“…[4] While this general concept has been proposed as early as the development of the first commercial lithium-based battery, [5] it was basically the work of Armand, Poizot, Tarascon, and co-workers, [6][7][8] reporting the reversible electrochemical activity of conjugated carbonyl functionalities, which triggered a continuously rising interest in studying macromolecular and polymeric compounds as lithium, and-due to their great versatility-sodium battery electrode materials. [9][10][11] In addition to their high availability, low cost, and environmental friendliness, organic active materials offer the distinguished advantage of tailorable lithium reaction potentials and capacities by carefully designing the molecular architecture. [9][10][11][12][13] In particular, the presence of planarly delocalized π-electrons, following the incorporation of phenyl groups in the units interconnecting the electrochemically active carbonyl functions, results in improved achievable capacities and Organic active materials are currently considered to be the most promising technology for the realization of fully sustainable secondary batteries.…”

“…[9][10][11] In addition to their high availability, low cost, and environmental friendliness, organic active materials offer the distinguished advantage of tailorable lithium reaction potentials and capacities by carefully designing the molecular architecture. [9][10][11][12][13] In particular, the presence of planarly delocalized π-electrons, following the incorporation of phenyl groups in the units interconnecting the electrochemically active carbonyl functions, results in improved achievable capacities and Organic active materials are currently considered to be the most promising technology for the realization of fully sustainable secondary batteries. However, the understanding of the underlying reaction mechanisms is still at its beginning.…”

High-performance of sodium carboxylate-derived materials for electrochemical energy storage

“…Organic electrode materials can provide reversible redox reactions and can be synthesized from biomass materials, are considered as promising candidates for use in large-scale lithium-ion batteries [8][9][10]. In recent years, organic anode and cathode materials have received significant research attention [11][12][13].…”

Advancing Electrolytes Towards Stable Organic Batteries

“…Although the choice and function of electrolytes are included in a brief section in some reviews on organic batteries, they deserve more comprehensive summary and insightful analysis. [10,11] Herein, we outline the current knowledge of electrolyte engineering towards more stable organic batteries.…”