Carbonized silk fibers for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples

Abstract

Silk fibers were carbonized to develop a biomass carbon material as an adsorbent for solid-phase microextraction. The surface structure of the carbonized silk fibers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the graphitization degree was determined by Raman spectrometry. After carbonization under high temperature, the orderliness and structural regularity of carbon atoms on silk fibers were promoted. Extraction tube packed with carbonized silk fibers was prepared for intube solid-phase microextraction. Coupled with high performance liquid chromatography, it exhibited good extraction performance for hydrophobic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Main parameters including sampling volume, sampling rate, methanol content in sample, and desorption time were systematically investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the analysis method was established and it exhibited wide linear range (0.016-20 μg/L) with good linearity (correlation coefficient ≥ 0.9947), low limits of detection (0.005-0.050 μg/L), and high enrichment factors .Relative standard deviations (n = 3) for intraday (≤3.3%) and interday (≤9.6%) tests indicated that the extraction material had satisfactory repeatability. Finally, the analytical method was successfully applied to detect trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in real water samples, demonstrating its satisfactory practicability. K E Y W O R D Scarbonized silk fibers, high performance liquid chromatography, online analysis, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, solid-phase microextraction

Application of biocharcoal aerogel sorbent for solid‐phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples

“…The method is more convenient for online analysis than some methods [47–53]. Moreover, this analytical method is close to or better than other methods in respects of the LODs and linear ranges [51,26,53]. These validation data further indicate that the method is reliable for the pretreatment and detection of trace PAHs in real samples that may be due to the same excellent extraction ability of biocharcoal aerogel as MOFs, COFs, nanomaterials, ionic liquid, polymer, aerogel, and carbon materials.…”

“…To clearly demonstrate merits of the method, the comparison with some analytical methods based on others materials including MOFs, COFs, nanomaterials, ionic liquid, polymer, aerogel, and carbon materials for PAHs is carried out and comparison items are listed in Table 3 [26,47–53]. The method is more convenient for online analysis than some methods [47–53].…”

“…To clearly demonstrate merits of the method, the comparison with some analytical methods based on others materials including MOFs, COFs, nanomaterials, ionic liquid, polymer, aerogel, and carbon materials for PAHs is carried out and comparison items are listed in Table 3 [26,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. The method is more convenient for online analysis than some methods [47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Moreover, this analytical method is close to or better than other methods in respects of the LODs and linear ranges [51,26,53].…”

Green sample preparation methods in the environmental monitoring of aquatic organic pollutants

“…A number of studies have employed carbonisation of biomass to produce carbon SPME adsorbent fibre coatings for organic aquatic pollutants such as silk fibres and peanut shells for aqueous PAH extraction [24,25]. Although carbon may be considered more environmentally friendly than some other sorbent materials, particularly when the biomass source employs waste material, it has to be remembered that energy is used in carbonising the materials and often solvent washing steps (and in some cases also HF) are employed in cleaning the material produced prior to use.…”

Flower‐like layered double hydroxide‐modified stainless‐steel fibers for online in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction of Sudan dyes

“…prepared carbonized silk fibers for in‐tube SPME to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. The method exhibited a wide linear range with good linearity . Bu et al.…”