Application of biocharcoal aerogel sorbent for solid‐phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples

Abstract

A facile method was introduced for preparing a biocharcoal aerogel, which was derived from pomelo peel as the only raw material. The inner spongy layer of pomelo peel was freeze-dried for maintaining three-dimensional structure and then carbonized under high temperature and oxygen-limited conditions. The morphological structure and graphitization degree of biocharcoal aerogel were characterized using a scanning electron microscope and Raman spectrum. After sifting and grinding, the biocharcoal aerogel as an adsorbent was coated onto the surface of stainless steel wires. Through placing the wires into a polyetheretherketone tube, the in-tube solid-phase microextraction device was obtained. Coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography, it exhibited good extraction performance for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, then an online analytical method was established with low limits of detection (0.005-0.050 ng/mL), wide linear ranges (0.017-15 ng/mL) with superior correlation coefficients higher than 0.9990, high enrichment factors (1128-3425), and acceptable intra-and inter-day repeatabilities (relative standard deviations ≤ 6.7%, n = 3). The method was applied to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bottled water samples, environmental water samples, and soft drinks with satisfactory recoveries (83.3-120.9%). This research not only developed a new carbon aerogel but also evaluated its adsorption performance in sample preparation.

Development of a polyurethane‐coated thin film solid phase microextraction device for multi‐residue monitoring of pesticides in fruit and tea beverages

“…Agitation intensity affects the diffusion and distribution of analytes between the sample and sorbent, which is associated with the adsorption mode and time [29,30]. TFME is an equilibrium-based process, and the amount of analytes adsorbed onto the film is increased with the increasing agitation rate and time until the equilibrium is reached [27].…”

Novel solid‐phase microextraction fiber coatings: A review

“…They [144] presented a PIL-hybridized silica aerogel for the determination of PAHs in real water samples with lower LODs compared with IL-bonded silica aerogel due to more IL adsorption sites. Also, A new biocharcoal aerogel derived from pomelo peel as SPME sorbent for the determination of PAHs in water samples was developed through the facile freeze-drying and carbonization processes [145]. A mesoporous carboxyl IL carbon aerogels fiber coating was fabricated without freeze and supercritical drying to detect tetracyclines in eggs and poultry wastewater samples by Dong et al [70], Due to a large specific surface area, large pore size, abundant active sites, and specific groups, which led to the satisfactory capacity of sorption and diffusion, aerogel showed a wide linear range of 2-1000 μg/L, low LODs of 0.36-0.71 μg/L toward tetracyclines.…”

Silica Aerogel Hybridized with Melamine-Terephthalaldehyde Polymer for In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Environment Water

“…The selection of extraction materials is particularly important for SPME [ 5 , 6 ]. Various types of extraction materials such as organic polymers [ 7 , 8 ], covalent organic frameworks [ 9 , 10 ], metal-organic frameworks [ 11 , 12 ] and carbon materials [ 13 , 14 ] all have large surface areas and many adsorption sites or functional groups, and these properties are the necessary conditions of effective extraction materials [ 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”