Carbon migration in 5Cr-0.5Mo/21Cr-12Ni dissimilar metal welds

Huang, M. L.; Wang, L.

doi:10.1007/s11661-998-0211-1

Cited by 46 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Carbides will substantially increase the hardness of weld and increase the likelihood of cracking in this zone. Moreover, carbon migration is considered to be a significant factor in determining the life cycle of a weld 12,13 . Many key factors such as different physical and mechanical properties of base materials and probability of compounds and alloying in the weld zone must be considered while dissimilar welding; however, the importance of factors might be depend on the implemented welding technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the other words, ferrite bearing weld metals are susceptible to sigma embrittlement 23 . Based on the works conducted in dissimilar welding of steels concerning different aspects, such as microstructure and mechanical properties investigations 13,16,19,20 along with studies on corrosion behavior [24][25][26][27][28] , it can be found that there is still too many objects need to be clarified and understood. Hence, in the present study, fusion welding of CK45 carbon steel and AISI304 stainless steel which targeted for using in power plant transition joints has been prepared applying GTAW technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing of CK45 carbon steel and AISI 304 stainless steel dissimilar welds

et al. 2013

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Gas tungsten arc welding of CK45 and AISI304 stainless steel was performed through preparation of different types of samples using ER308L and ERNi-1 wires. Welded samples were studied by different techniques including optical metallography, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction, hardness measurements and impact test. It was observed that in the buttered specimen, the structure of the weld metal was completely austenitic while the microstructure of unbuttered sample was duplex ferritic-austenitic. M 23 C 6 -type carbides were observed within the weld metal of both as-weld specimen types. Effects of different post-weld heat treatments (PWHTs) were investigated. The experimented results concluded that simultaneous grain growth and carbides precipitation were competitive during PWHT. Also, there were not any indication related to sigma-phase in as-welded and PWHTed specimens due to their lower Cr/Ni ratios and insufficient preservation times.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing of CK45 carbon steel and AISI 304 stainless steel dissimilar welds

et al. 2013

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“…19,[33][34][35][36][37][38] These simulations, however, are not the subjects of the present paper. The aim of the present paper was to present a simple guideline that could be used in practice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further examples of these simulations are given in the literature. 19,[33][34][35][36][37][38] A number of weld joint simulations were also conducted that have not been published. It has been found in these simulation calculations that mere monitoring of carbon activity in the base materials and weld metals could be used to estimate the intensity of changes in the structure of welds.…”

Section: Weld Joint Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

More sophisticated thermodynamic designs of welds between dissimilar steels

Sopoušek¹,

Foret²

2008

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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In the present paper, steels that are mostly used in technical practice as base materials, filler metals and consumable electrodes in the design of dissimilar weld joints are studied. These steels differ mainly in the content of Cr, Mo, V, W and N. It is explained and emphasised in the present paper that the effect of thermodynamics, diffusion and phase transformations on the stability of dissimilar weld joints that are exposed to temperatures of over y500uC cannot be underrated during operation. For all the materials under study the carbon activity at 600uC is given as calculated by the CALPHAD method, and a correlation is shown to exist between the carbon activity and the total chromium content. This correlation can be used as a most general alternative in the selection of filler metals or consumable electrodes in the design of dissimilar weld joints. The primary goal of the present paper is, however, to present a more sophisticated alternative based on a mutual comparison of the temperature dependence of the carbon activities of the base alloys, filler metals and consumable electrodes under consideration. This alternative is suitable for routine engineering purposes. Attention is also drawn to the currently most advanced alternative, which enables the prediction of the redistribution of elements and phases after prolonged exposure.

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“…8(a), a feature of which was indeed observed for weld joints of ferritic-steel/austenitic-steel. 20,21) Since there are sufficient amount of Cr in the SUS304 layer, the Cr 23 C 6 -type carbide particles immediately precipitate at the occasional C-supersaturated area with a high density of nucleation, forming the carbide band region in the SUS304 layer ( Fig. 8(a)).…”

Section: Carbide Formation and Element Diffusion Behav-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure Evolutions at Severely-deformed Austenite/Martensite Interfaces of a Layer-integrated Steel

et al. 2009

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The microstructure evolution at interfaces of a layer-integrated steel sheet artificially constructed by ductile austenitic stainless (SUS304) and high-strength martensitic (SCM415) steel layers, which were bonded through a cold-rolling and a subsequent annealing at 1 000°C, has been investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). We find that a significant microstructural reconstruction around the SUS304/SCM415 interface has been accomplished during a short-time annealing followed by water-quenching; the resultant microstructures are found to consist of recrystallized austenite and lath martensite grains for the SUS304 and SCM415 layers, respectively. Interestingly, the original SUS304/SCM415 interface appears to migrate and extend into the SUS304 side, an occurrence of which can be reasonably explained by the martensitic transformation across the composition-gradient interface during quenching. These microstructural evolutions fairly account for a microscopic mechanism on how hetero-interface bonding can be achieved via simple cold-rolling/annealing procedures.KEY WORDS: steels; interface structure; scanning transmission electron microscopy; phase transformation; severe plastic deformation.observed microstructural features, we will discuss how the strong-bonding between the austenite/martensite heterointerface can be accomplished during the annealing-quenching procedures. Experimental ProcedureThe multi-layered steel was produced by a cold rolling process with reduction of about 60 % in total thickness, and then annealed at 1 000°C for 1-10 min followed by quenching into water. As shown in Fig. 1, the outer two layers (0.16 mm in thickness after rolled) are composed of commercial-grade stainless steel SUS304, and the inner layer (0.33 mm in thickness after rolled) is composed of commercial-grade martensitic steel SCM415. Compositions of SUS304 and SCM415 are summarized in Table 1. Details of the manufacturing process of the multi-layered steel are described in elsewhere.13) The as-rolled and annealed samples were cut into small pieces, polished by SiC abrasive paper, and thinned by a Gatan PIPS ion mill or focused ion beam system for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and STEM observations. TEM, STEM, and EDS analysis were performed using a JEOL JEM-2010F field emission gun microscope at acceleration voltage of 200 kV. Composition mapping analysis was constructed by using C-K, O-K, Si-K, Mn-K, Cr-K, Fe-K, Ni-K, and Mo-L lines. Results Microstructure Changes around the InterfaceFigures 2(a)-2(d) show bright-field (BF) STEM images of the SCM415/SUS304 interfaces. For the as-rolled specimen, the microstructures are found to be composed of heavily deformed fine grains both in the SUS304 and SCM415 layers, in which the grains are significantly elongated with large aspect ratios along the roll direction (RD). In particular, the grains in the SUS304 layer, which are composed of deformed austenite and strain induced martensite, exhibit l...

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Carbon migration in 5Cr-0.5Mo/21Cr-12Ni dissimilar metal welds

Cited by 46 publications

References 12 publications

Designing of CK45 carbon steel and AISI 304 stainless steel dissimilar welds

Designing of CK45 carbon steel and AISI 304 stainless steel dissimilar welds

More sophisticated thermodynamic designs of welds between dissimilar steels

Microstructure Evolutions at Severely-deformed Austenite/Martensite Interfaces of a Layer-integrated Steel

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