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A comparison of iodine values showed that the degree of saturation of tea seed oil (Lahjan variety) was intermediate between the oils of sunflowerseed (Fars variety) and olive (Gilezeytoon variety), and the saponification values of these three oils were similar. Tea seed oil consisted of 56% oleic acid (C18∶1), 22% linoleic acid (C18∶2), 0.3% linolenic acid (C18∶3), and therefore, on the basis of oleic acid, occupied a place between sunflower and olive oil. In studies at 63°C, the shelf life of tea seed oil was higher than that of sunflower oil and similar to olive oil. Tea seed oil was found to have a natural antioxidant effect, and it enhanced the shelf life of sunflower oil at a 5% level. In this study, tea seed oil was found to be a stable oil, to have suitable nutritional properties (high‐oleic, medium‐linoleic, and lowlinolenic acid contents), and to be useful in human foods.

Kernel chemical composition and fatty acids profile of three walnut cultivars (Toyserkan, Chaboksar and Karaj) was analyzed. Some physicochemical properties, total phenolics content (TPC), ortho-diphenols content (ODC) and total tocopherol concentration (TTC) of extracted oils from the walnuts were also determined. The antioxidant activity of oil was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity and β-carotene bleaching assays. The analysis of chemical composition revealed that protein and dietary fiber was highest in Toyserkan cultivar. Phosphorus was the most abundant element in the walnut kernels, followed by potassium, magnesium and calcium. The linoleic acid and linolenic contents ranged from 50.15% to 51.36% and 10.48% to 12.04%, respectively. Also, the results demonstrated that acid value, saponification value and viscosity of extracted oil had significantly varied between all cultivars. The extracted oil from Chaboksar cultivar illustrated more hydro peroxides and secondary products than those obtained from other cultivars. A positive correlation was found between Rancimat values and oleic acid content (r = 0.60), but considerably negative correlation with TTC (r = -0.81) and TPC (r = -0.92). The relationship between percentage of remaining DPPH radical and β-carotene of walnut oils showed high correlation among three selected cultivars (r = -0.94 to -0.97).

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A low average power pulsed Nd : YAG laser is used for bead-on-plate welding of low carbon steel plate. The criterion for welding in the conduction and keyhole regime together with the effect of laser process parameters on weld quality is studied. It is established that for a weld with full penetration and velocities viable for industrial applications, welding in the conduction mode would not be suitable. The formation of a keyhole is found to be highly dependent on laser pulse parameters. With an average power in the range 220–240 W and a peak power of 1.8 kW, full penetration through keyhole generation of a 0.7 mm thick st14 sheet metal is achieved.

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