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Planta Medica 1986 same assay. As a result, it was shown that the volatile oil inhibited free radical generation and lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes induced by CC14 in about the same degree as the reference substance, vitamin E, which is an authentic inhibitor against free radical generation and lipid peroxidation. In contrast, alliin exhibited no or little inhibition on free radical formation and lipid peroxidation (Figs. 2 and 3). These results indicated that anti-oxidative activity played an important role in the inhibitory effect of the volatile oil in CCI4-induced liver lesion. Further, the volatile oil elicited significant inhibition in lipid peroxidation by liver microsomes at both the enzymatic (ADPfFe3-mediated) and non-enzymatic (ascorbatelFe2t mediated) stages of lipid peroxidation (Fig. 4), and also in autooxidation of linoleic acid (Table VI), demonstrating that the volatile oil exerted its anti-oxidative effect mainly at the nonenzymatic stage.Because the antihepatotoxic substances thus found showed stronger activity in GalN-induced liver lesion than in CC14-induced liver lesion, the mechanism of antihepatotoxic activity of these substances in Ga1N-induced liver damage is interesting.Abstract: Aqueous methanol/water extracts of the Oriental crude drug "sanyaku", Dioscorea japonica and D. batatas rhizophors, notably lowered blood glucose concentration in mice. Activity-guided fractionation of the extract from D. japonica afforded six glycans, dioscorans A, B, C, D, F, and F, which exhibited remarkable hypoglycemic effects in normal and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice.

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With the emergence of global platforms for trading and buying/selling data, data have become a profitable commodity. The growth of such platforms has necessitated the further expansion of the scope of data in digital economies. To this end, understanding the nature of available data and their relationships between them has become an important challenge for expanding their use. Thus, in this study, we assumed data on the platforms as a population and metadata as the samples. Thus, we quantitatively investigated the structural characteristics of data platforms, while avoiding the risk of lost business opportunities and privacy issues by not sharing the data themselves. By observing the characteristics of data and variables, we found that the data network had a structure that was locally dense and globally sparse, which is quite similar to networks of human relationships. Moreover, we found that data play different roles on the platforms when divided into sharing conditions, namely, shareable data and sensitive data. Finally, we discussed the potential tactics for individuals who create/use data platforms based on our findings. The contributions of this study include a new framework for data platform observation and a method that uses metadata and a network approach to analyze structural characteristics of data.

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