Carbon footprint of global natural gas supplies to China

Gan, Yu; El-Houjeiri, Hassan M.; Badahdah, Alhassan; Lü, Zifeng; Cai, Hao; Przesmitzki, Steven; Wang, Michael

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14606-4

Cited by 60 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For heating and cooling greenhouses, most climate control systems used in agriculture consume 65–85% of the total energy used 6,7 . This energy is usually supplied mainly from the use of fossil fuels, such as diesel, natural gas, coal, wood, etc., which increase greenhouse gas emissions and have a high carbon footprint 8,9 . Because of their negative impact on the environment, their limited availability and high costs, it is necessary to look for more sustainable alternative energy resources 6,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 This energy is usually supplied mainly from the use of fossil fuels, such as diesel, natural gas, coal, wood, etc., which increase greenhouse gas emissions and have a high carbon footprint. 8,9 Because of their negative impact on the environment, their limited availability and high costs, it is necessary to look for more sustainable alternative energy resources. 6,10 Solar energy is a good alternative to conventional carbon-based fuels, 11 and passive systems are a great option because they are easy to install with a low investment cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing extreme weather impacts in greenhouses: the effect of a new passive climate control system on nutritional quality of pepper fruits

Piñero¹,

Lorenzo

Sánchez-Guerrero

et al. 2021

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND Environmental conditions affect the quality of the fruits and their organoleptic properties. In low‐tech greenhouses, these environmental conditions are frequently not optimal for crops. Therefore, the present study demonstrates the effects of the use of an integrated passive heating and cooling system in a greenhouse located in the Mediterranean area on the quality of pepper fruits. RESULTS The results indicate that the passive system utilized (i) improved many parameters, such as average weight of fruits, °Brix, glucose and fructose content, and P and K content; (ii) increased the values of b* and hab*; and (iii) reduced total phenolic compounds, total amino acids content, and Fe and Zn content. However, the degree of the effect of the climatic factors on these parameters was also affected by harvest time. CONCLUSION This novel study highlights the possibility of improving the nutritional quality of pepper fruits by modifying the environmental conditions through the use of passive heating and cooling systems at the same time as reducing the carbon footprint. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing extreme weather impacts in greenhouses: the effect of a new passive climate control system on nutritional quality of pepper fruits

Piñero¹,

Lorenzo

Sánchez-Guerrero

et al. 2021

J Sci Food Agric

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“…CO 2 emissions then become a valuable feedstock in the production of chemical fuels, enabling closing of the carbon cycle [3][4][5] . Methane (CH 4 ) especially benefits from an existing widely-deployed infrastructure for its storage, distribution and utilization [6][7][8] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Promoting CO2 methanation via ligand-stabilized metal oxide clusters as hydrogen-donating motifs

Lum

et al. 2020

Nat Commun

106

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Electroreduction uses renewable energy to upgrade carbon dioxide to value-added chemicals and fuels. Renewable methane synthesized using such a route stands to be readily deployed using existing infrastructure for the distribution and utilization of natural gas. Here we design a suite of ligand-stabilized metal oxide clusters and find that these modulate carbon dioxide reduction pathways on a copper catalyst, enabling thereby a record activity for methane electroproduction. Density functional theory calculations show adsorbed hydrogen donation from clusters to copper active sites for the *CO hydrogenation pathway towards *CHO. We promote this effect via control over cluster size and composition and demonstrate the effect on metal oxides including cobalt(II), molybdenum(VI), tungsten(VI), nickel(II) and palladium(II) oxides. We report a carbon dioxide-to-methane faradaic efficiency of 60% at a partial current density to methane of 135 milliampere per square centimetre. We showcase operation over 18 h that retains a faradaic efficiency exceeding 55%.

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“…Development of accurate inventories at the equipment-level is critical for targeting CH4 mitigation strategies. US government agencies [26], environmental groups [55], [56], and researchers [57] rely on inventory data for policy design, cost analysis, formulation of leak detection and repair programs, and life-cycle assessment research. However, recent studies have emphasized a ~1.5x-2x divergence between the EPA GHGI estimates of CH4 emissions from O&NG and those estimated from field measurements at different spatial scales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closing the gap: Explaining persistent underestimation by US oil and natural gas production-segment methane inventories

Rutherford¹,

Sherwin²,

Ravikumar³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Methane (CH4) emissions from oil and natural gas (O&NG) systems are an important contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. In the United States (US), recent synthesis studies of field measurements of CH4 emissions at different spatial scales are ~1.5x-2x greater compared to official Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) greenhouse gas inventory (GHGI) estimates. Site-level field studies have isolated the production-segment as the dominant contributor to this divergence. Based on an updated synthesis of measurements from component-level field studies, we develop a new inventory-based model for CH4 emissions using bootstrap resampling that agrees within error with recent syntheses of site-level field studies and allows for isolation of differences between our inventory and the GHGI at the equipment-level. We find that venting and malfunction-related emissions from tanks and other equipment leaks are the largest contributors to divergence with the GHGI. To further understand this divergence, we decompose GHGI equipment-level emission factors into their underlying component-level data. This decomposition shows that GHGI inventory methods are based on measurements of emission rates that are systematically lower compared with our updated synthesis of more recent measurements. If our proposed method were adopted in the US and other jurisdictions, inventory estimates could become more accurate, helping to guide methane mitigation policy priorities.

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Carbon footprint of global natural gas supplies to China

Cited by 60 publications

References 27 publications

Reducing extreme weather impacts in greenhouses: the effect of a new passive climate control system on nutritional quality of pepper fruits

Reducing extreme weather impacts in greenhouses: the effect of a new passive climate control system on nutritional quality of pepper fruits

Promoting CO2 methanation via ligand-stabilized metal oxide clusters as hydrogen-donating motifs

Closing the gap: Explaining persistent underestimation by US oil and natural gas production-segment methane inventories

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