Carbon-based hydrogels: synthesis and their recent energy applications

Jayakumar, Anjali; Jose, Vishal; Lee, Jongmin

doi:10.1039/c9ta02525a

Cited by 128 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…Graphene and graphene oxide (GO) NS dispersions are a good choice for fabricating 3D porous carbon electrodes. The NSs can self‐assemble into highly porous sponges through hydrothermal or chemical methods, or via the use of spacer molecules to aid as scaffolds for the NSs that can be electrospun to form mats, cross‐linked into low‐density porous beads, vacuum filtered into films, or spray dried into 3D crumpled particles . Additives such as hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid can promote the production of pore structure and reduction of GO.…”

Section: Designing 3d Porous Carbons For Electrocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NSs can self-assemble into highly porous sponges through hydrothermal or chemical methods, or via the use of spacer molecules to aid as scaffolds for the NSs that can be electrospun to form mats, cross-linked into low-density porous beads, vacuum filtered into films, or spray dried into 3D crumpled particles. [87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98] Additives such as hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid can promote the production of pore structure and reduction of GO. The size of graphene NSs also plays a critical role in controlling the structural and mechanical properties of the 3D graphene sponge.…”

Section: Assembly Of 3d Carbon Nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Carbon Materials for Efficient Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

Sobrido

Jervis

Periasamy

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

107

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Sustainable energy production at an acceptable cost is key for its widespread application. At present, noble metals and metal oxides are the most widely used for electrocatalysis, but they suffer from low selectivity, poor durability, and scarcity. Because of this, metal‐free carbons have become the subject of great interest as promising alternative electrocatalysts for energy conversion and storage devices, and remarkable progress has been accomplished in the advance of metal‐free carbons as electrocatalysts for renewable energy technologies. Particularly interesting are 3D porous carbon architectures, which exhibit outstanding features for electrocatalysis applications, including broad range of active sites, interconnected porosity, high conductivity, and mechanical stability. This review summarizes the latest advances in 3D porous carbon structures for oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalysis. The structure–performance relationship of these materials is consequently rationalized and perspectives on creating more efficient 3D carbon electrocatalysts are suggested.

show abstract

Section: Designing 3d Porous Carbons For Electrocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assembly Of 3d Carbon Nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Carbon Materials for Efficient Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

Sobrido

Jervis

Periasamy

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…To overcome these two fundamental problems, technologies developed have to be centered upon achieving a sustainable means for fuel generation as well as focused on achieving carbon neutrality, whereby the net carbon footprint amounts to zero and CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere are largely offset by the removal or conversion of atmospheric CO 2 . [ 14–17 ] Scientific research, over the decades, has identified several key methods for the conversion of CO 2 , classified into biological, chemical, electrochemical, photocatalytic, reforming, and inorganic transformations. [ 18–20 ] This review focuses on the renowned and promising technologies of electrochemical and photocatalytic CO 2 reduction for their great potential in effectively driving conversion of CO 2 into other derivative forms of value‐added fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterostructured Catalysts for Electrocatalytic and Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction

Prabhu

Jose

Lee

2020

Adv Funct Materials

Self Cite

249

109

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Heterostructured catalysts are hybrid materials that contain interfaces between their constituents formed through combinations of multiple solid‐state materials. The presence of multiple constituents institutes a synergistic effect that endows the catalyst with superior performance and appreciable potential in a diverse range of catalytic applications, including electrocatalytic and photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. These promising catalysts can support a feasible method for large‐scale processing of valuable carbonaceous feedstock or fuel generation and alleviation of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Such technologies will serve as the much‐needed remedy for the global energy and environmental crisis. A broad spectrum of recently developed heterostructured catalysts pertaining to electrocatalytic and photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction is evaluated. The insights included are of relevance to refresh fundamentals pertaining to the electron transfer processes leading to carbon dioxide reduction and the mechanistic reduction pathways yielding a possible multitude of carbonaceous products. Detailed discussions provide a rational understanding of how the hybrid and resultant properties from various combinations are useful in enhancing catalytic function. Lastly, the performance profiles of various catalyst structures together with modification strategies employed are of interest to highlight the current challenges to and directions for future catalyst development.

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“…Besides conventional active carbon, graphene [5], especially the three-dimensional porous graphene (3DG), is an emerging material applied in the electrodes for supercapacitors among various carbon materials [6,7]. As one kind of 3DG, graphene hydrogel (GH) attracts much attention owing to its easy preparation, controllable shape, and low cost [8,9]. Synthesized GH with strong self-supporting property and good electrical conductivity can be conveniently pressed on various current collectors without additional binding agents and conductive additives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Paper as Current Collectors in Graphene Hydrogel Electrodes for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Luo

Huang

2020

Nanomaterials

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Current collectors are an important component of electrodes, functioning as conductive media by collecting currents from active materials and then exporting them to the external circuit. Common current collectors for graphene hydrogel (GH)-based supercapacitors are nickel foams or metal foils (platinum, gold, and aluminium, etc.). Here, hydrothermally synthesized GH was directly pressed on carbon paper and used as electrodes (denoted as GHE) for supercapacitors. With a mass loading of 2.7 mg·cm−2 at an active area of 0.64 cm2, the GHE-based supercapacitors revealed a high gravimetric capacitance of 294 F·g−1 at a current density of 1.18 A·g−1. When increasing the current density to 28.24 A·g−1, 66% (193 F·g−1) of the initial capacitance was maintained for the GHE-based supercapacitors. High performance for GHE-based supercapacitors was attributed to large specific surface area and good electrical conductivity of GH, and its intimate contact with carbon paper.

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Carbon-based hydrogels: synthesis and their recent energy applications

Abstract: This review comprehensively describes the latest synthesis techniques for producing carbon-based hydrogels and their recent energy applications.

Cited by 128 publications

References 191 publications

3D Carbon Materials for Efficient Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

3D Carbon Materials for Efficient Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

Heterostructured Catalysts for Electrocatalytic and Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction

Carbon Paper as Current Collectors in Graphene Hydrogel Electrodes for High-Performance Supercapacitors

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