Carbon and Nutrient Fluxes Within and Between Mycorrhizal Plants

Simard, Suzanne W.; Jones, Melanie D.; Durall, Daniel M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-38364-2_2

Cited by 150 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…Simard et al (2002) report that mycorrhizal fungi may receive carbon (e.g. sugars) amounting to 15-30% of the net photosynthate of their host plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of nutrient supply and light intensity on tannins and mycorrhizal colonisation in Dutch heathland ecosystems

Hofland-Zijlstra

Berendse

2008

Plant Ecol

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(1) Increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition has shifted plant dominance from ericaceous plants to grass species. To elucidate the reduced competitiveness of heather, we tested the hypothesis that additions of nitrogen reduce the concentrations of phenolics and condensed tannins in ericaceous leaves and retard mycorrhizal colonisation in ericaceous plants. We also tested the negative effects of reduced light intensity on carbon-based secondary compounds and mycorrhizal colonisation in ericaceous plants. (2) We performed a field inventory at three heathland sites in the Netherlands varying in nutrient supply and light intensity. Leaves of ericaceous plants and grasses were collected and analysed for concentrations of tannins, phenolics and nutrients. Similarly, we took root samples to record mycorrhizal colonisation and soil samples to measure the soil mineralisation. In addition, we conducted two-factorial experiments with Calluna vulgaris plants, in which we varied fertiliser and shade levels under greenhouse and field conditions. (3) The field inventory revealed that nitrogen addition and shading both negatively affected the concentration of total phenolics. The total phenolics and condensed tannin concentrations were positively correlated (P \ 0.001), but in the field experiment, the condensed tannins were not significantly affected by the treatments. Our results provide the first evidence that the carbon nutrient balance can be used to predict the amount of total phenolics in the dwarf shrub C. vulgaris. (4) In the field experiments, shading of plants resulted in significantly less mycorrhizal colonisation. Only in the greenhouse experiment did addition of nitrogen negatively affect mycorrhizal colonisation. (5) Our results imply that increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition can depress the tannin concentrations in ericaceous plants and the mycorrhizal colonisation in roots, thereby reducing the plants' competitiveness with respect to grasses. Additionally, if ericaceous plants are shaded by grasses that have become dominant due to increased nitrogen supply, these effects will be intensified and competitive replacement will be accelerated.

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“…Simard et al (2002) report that mycorrhizal fungi may receive carbon (e.g. sugars) amounting to 15-30% of the net photosynthate of their host plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of nutrient supply and light intensity on tannins and mycorrhizal colonisation in Dutch heathland ecosystems

Hofland-Zijlstra

Berendse

2008

Plant Ecol

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“…The establishment and performance of planted tree seedlings can be significantly affected by ectomycorrhizal fungi (Dunabeitia et al, 2004;Le Tacon et al, 1994;Pera et al, 1999). Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis plays a major role in two plant processes: hydro-mineral nutrition and the portioning of C within the plant, with some ultimately being transferred to ectomycorrhizal fungi (Simard et al, 2002). Ectomycorrhizal plants often have higher nutrient contents than non-mycorrhizal plants, especially when grown in soils with low nutrient availability (Jones et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in nitrogen level and mycorrhizal structure of Scots pine seedlings inoculated with Thelephora terrestris

2008

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-• We investigated the influence of Thelephora terrestris, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, on the concentration of nitrogen in needles of Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings and their mycorrhizal structure within four seasons of growth.• Seedlings were grown in four treatments: (I) inoculated + 0.030 g N, (II) inoculated + 0.045 g N, (III) non-inoculated + 0.030 g N, (IV) non-inoculated + 0.045 g N under laboratory conditions and later planted in post-agricultural land.• For inoculated treatments, statistically significant differences in N concentration of needles were observed for two-and four-year-old seedlings. The number of ectomycorrhizae and concentration of N in needles were negatively correlated. After four seasons of growth the greatest numbers of ectomycorrhizae were present on seedlings from treatment II, and the smallest on seedlings from treatment IV.• Two-year-old seedlings had been colonized by at least six different fungal taxa, i.e. Cenococcum geophilum, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Rhizopogon sp., Suillus bovinus, Thelephora terrestris and a non-identified one. Treatments I and II were dominated by the ectomycorrhizae of T. terrestris and their number was significantly greater than in treatments III or IV. On four-year-old seedlings ectomycorrhizae of T. terrestris were dominated in all treatments, while ectomycorrhizae of Hebeloma sp. were not found.nitrogen / Scots pine / mycorrhizae / Thelephora terrestri / molecular detection Résumé -Modifications du niveau d'azote et de la structure mycorhizienne de semis de pin sylvestre inoculés par Thelephora terrestris.• L'influence du champignon ectomycorhizien Thelephora terrestris sur la concentration en azote dans les aiguilles de semis de pin sylvestre et sur la structure mycorhizienne des plants a été suivie durant quatre saisons de croissance.• Les semis ont été cultivés sous quatre traitements : (I) inoculé + 0,030 g N, (II) inoculés + 0,045 g N, (III) non inoculés + 0,030 g N, (IV) non inoculés + 0,045 g N, dans les conditions du laboratoire avant d'être plantés sur le terrain.• Dans les traitements d'inoculés, des différences significatives ont été observées dans la concentration des aiguilles en azote pour les semis de deux et quatre ans. Le nombre de mycorhizes et la concentration des aiguilles en azote étaient corrélés négativement. Après quatre saisons de croissance, le plus grand nombre de mycorhizes a été obtenu dans le traitement II et le plus petit dans le traitement IV.• Les semis de deux ans avaient été colonisés par au moins six taxons différents de champignon : Cenococcum geophilum, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Rhizopogon sp., Suillus bovinus, Thelephora terrestris et un autre taxon indéterminé. Dans les traitements I et II, les ectomycorhizes de T. terrestris dominaient et leur nombre était plus élevé que dans les traitements III et IV. Pour les semis de quatre ans, les ectomycorhizes de T. terrestris dominaient dans tous les traitements, tandis que celles de Hebeloma sp. étaient absentes.azote / pin sylvestre / mycorhizes / Thelephora t...

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“…Rincón et al (2008) found that the [Ps] inoculation may change the concentration of soil nutrient available for P. halepensis seedlings in the presence of different bacterial populations in the mycorrhizosphere. Additionally, ectomycorrhizal symbiosis may affect the bacterial community in the mycorrhizosphere (FreyKlett et al 2005), which in turn can alter the nutrient availability (Simard et al 2002), in particular N and P (Posta et al 1994, Grayston et al 1996.…”

Section: Nutrient Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

The combined effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens CECT 844 and the black truffle co-inoculation on Pinus nigra seedlings

Núñez¹,

Medina²,

Berrocal-Lobo³

et al. 2015

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionWater and nutrient availability are the main constraints on plant productivity in semi-arid Mediterranean ecosystems. The preservation of mycoflora diversity depends on the status of plant roots (Marulanda et al. 2006). Forest species in these areas often develop specific strategies to improve their water usage in response to drought (Martínez-Ferri et al. 2000).Several studies have been conducted to improve the quality of seedlings produced in nurseries (Caravaca et al. 2005). Several authors reported that soil amendment with ectomycorrhizal fungi and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) increased plant survival and seedling quality, especially in soils with low microbial activity (Chanway 1997, Probanza et al. 2001.Pseudomonas fluorescens generally shows several characteristics of an effective PGPR. It is easily cultivated in vitro, and it colonizes a wide range of ecological niches, including plant rhizospheres (Bolton et al. 1993). Additionally, P. fluorescens genomes are highly diverse, which most likely increases the P. fluorescens survival (Silby et al. 2009). The ecological flexibility of such bacteria allows them to exploit a wide variety of nutrients to adapt to environmental changes for survival. P. fluorescens also improves plant growth by producing phytohormones such as auxins (e.g., IAA -Karabaghli et al. 1998). It also has a high capacity for phosphorus solubilization and can produce siderophores (Matthijs et al. 2007). Despite the very well-known positive effects of P. fluorescens on plant survival, only a few studies have been conducted to study its influence on the growth of forest species (Rincón et al. 2008, Ouahmane et al. 2009). We recently demonstrated that the inoculation of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) with P. fluorescens CECT 844 improved the vegetative growth and N absorption of the P. halepensis seedlings (Dominguez et al. 2012).The use of environmental-friendly natural microbial inocula, such as PGPR or mycorrhizal fungi, is presented in this study as a potential alternative fertilizers. These microorganisms are also beneficial for the maintenance of pre-existing soil microflora, thus contributing to the conservation of soil biodiversity. The amended soil in the nursey increases the vegetative vigor and morphophysiological quality of forest species growth for reforestation purposes (Chanway 1997).Information regarding the productivity of ectomycorrhizal fungi, their ecological functions and their contributions to the productivity and recovery of altered agroecosystems is increasingly valuable in agroforestry. In Spain, the black truffle (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.) is of substantial economic and social value in rural areas of the Mediterranean (Reyna 2007), although studies on the contributions of T. melanosporum to the growth and physiology of forest plants are scarce (Domínguez-Nuñez 2002). Moreover, the ecological value of such symbiosis in the recovery of Mediterranean ecosystems has not been well characterized.The...

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Carbon and Nutrient Fluxes Within and Between Mycorrhizal Plants

Cited by 150 publications

References 186 publications

The effect of nutrient supply and light intensity on tannins and mycorrhizal colonisation in Dutch heathland ecosystems

The effect of nutrient supply and light intensity on tannins and mycorrhizal colonisation in Dutch heathland ecosystems

Changes in nitrogen level and mycorrhizal structure of Scots pine seedlings inoculated with Thelephora terrestris

The combined effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens CECT 844 and the black truffle co-inoculation on Pinus nigra seedlings

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