Carbon and nitrogen pools in an old-growth, Norway spruce mixed forest in eastern Finland and changes associated with clear-cutting

Finér, Leena; Mannerkoski, Hannu; Piirainen, Sirpa; Starr, Michael

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(02)00019-1

Cited by 135 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…General description of the 16 previous studies on peatlands gathered for the present study. Main peatland categories: 1) hardwood-spruce mires and paludified forests, 2) pine mires and 3) drained peatland forests (Laine andVasander 1990, 1996 Laine 1994, Laine et al 1995) n/a n/a 1, 2 42 (Vuorinen et al 1980, Finér 1989) n/a n/a 1, 2 37 (Vuorinen et al 1980, Finér 1989) n/a n/a 3 2 (Solmari 1986) The residuals demonstrated that the models developed resulted in unbiased estimates of the aboveground biomass of upland sites, according to the percentage cover (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between biomass and percentage cover in understorey vegetation of boreal coniferous forests

Muukkonen¹,

Mäkipää²,

Laiho³

et al. 2006

Silva Fenn.

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In the present study, the aboveground biomass of the understorey vegetation of boreal coniferous forests was modelled according to the percentage cover. A total of 224 observations from 22 stands in upland forests and 195 observations from 14 different studies in peatland forests were utilized for the present analyses. The relationships between biomass and percentage cover can be used in ecosystem and carbon-cycle modelling as a rapid nondestructive method for estimation of the aboveground biomass of lichens, bryophytes, herbs and grasses, and dwarf shrubs in upland forests and bottom and field layers in peatland forests.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between biomass and percentage cover in understorey vegetation of boreal coniferous forests

Muukkonen¹,

Mäkipää²,

Laiho³

et al. 2006

Silva Fenn.

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“…The results are in line with previous studies indicating that inorganic N output occurs predominantly as NO 3 -N rather than NH 4 -N and that most of the leached N from boreal clear-cut forests is organic N (Grip 1982;Lamontagne et al 2000;Löfgren et al 2009, Table 4). The increases in stream water NO 3 -N concentrations and loads in C34 could result from higher deposition loads due to the lack of N retention by tree canopy (Piirainen et al 2002), greater snow accumulation on clear-cut areas (Varhola et al 2010), reduced nutrient uptake by trees and understory vegetation (Piirainen et al 2002;Finér et al 2003;Palviainen et al 2004Palviainen et al , 2005Palviainen et al , 2007, and increased nitrification in the litter layer and soil (Paavolainen and Smolander 1998;Smolander et al 2000Smolander et al , 2001Piirainen et al 2007). NO 3 -N is poorly retained in the soil by sorption and can easily be leached to ground and surface waters after clear-cutting (Ahtiainen 1990;Rosén et al 1996;Kubin 1998;Kreutzweiser et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussion Differences Between Catchmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Carbon, and Suspended Solids Loads from Forest Clear-Cutting and Site Preparation: Long-Term Paired Catchment Studies from Eastern Finland

Palviainen

Finér

Laurén

et al. 2013

AMBIO

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The long-term impacts of current forest management methods on surface water quality in Fennoscandia are largely unexplored. We studied the long-term effects of clear-cutting and site preparation on runoff and the export of total nitrogen (total N), total organic nitrogen (TON), ammonium (NH 4 -N), nitrate (NO 3 -N), total phosphorus (total P), phosphate (PO 4 -P), total organic carbon, and suspended solids (SS) in three paired-catchments in Eastern Finland. Clear-cutting and soil preparation were carried out on 34 % (C34), 11 % (C11), and 8 % (C8) of the area of the treated catchments and wide buffer zones were left along the streams. Clear-cutting and soil preparation increased annual runoff and total N, TON, NO 3 -N, PO 4 -P, and SS loads, except for SS, only in C34. Runoff increased by 16 % and the annual exports of total N, TON, NO 3 -N, and PO 4 -P by 18, 12, 270, and 12 %, respectively, during the 14-year period after clear-cutting. SS export increased by 291 % in C34, 134 % in C11, and 16 % in C8 during the 14, 6, and 11-year periods after clear-cutting. In the C11 catchment, NO 3 -N export decreased by 12 %. The results indicate that while current forest management practices can increase the export of N, P and SS from boreal catchments for many years ([10 years), the increases are only significant when the area of clear cutting exceeds 30 % of catchment area.

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“…Although there is no significant difference in carbon sequestration rates reported for managed and unmanaged boreal forests (IPCC 2006), the carbon stocks of unmanaged boreal forests are larger than managed forests per hectare due to higher stand density, more biomass and greater litter production (Karjalainen 1996;Thornley and Cannell 2000;Finér et al 2003;Garcia-Gonzalo et al 2007;Luyssaert et al 2008). …”

Section: Boreal Forest Carbon Stocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable forest carbon stocks support current assumption of biogenic carbon neutrality in the case of European-manufactured beverage cartons

O’Sullivan

Hopkinson

Crockatt

et al. 2015

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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Purpose Life cycle assessments (LCAs) of forest-based products, such as beverage cartons, generally demonstrate lower greenhouse gas emissions than fossil fuel-based alternatives and often contain the implicit assumption that removal of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) by a growing forest and emission of CO 2 at the end of a product's life cancel each other out such that the net emission is zero. This study aims to test the validity of this assumption of biogenic CO 2 neutrality in relation to beverage cartons by examining whether carbon stocks of the source forests are stable. The fact that over 95 % of the cartonboard used in their manufacture is sourced from the boreal forests of Sweden and Finland provides a scenario with a straightforward relationship between forest and product thus avoiding issues surrounding the complexities of global supply chains. Methods The reviewed LCAs conclude that beverage cartons have lower greenhouse gas emissions than alternatives, although non-forest-derived components such as plastic caps and aluminium laminate often contribute disproportionately to those emissions. We discuss issues surrounding the assumption of biogenic CO 2 neutrality and explore the factors that influence carbon stocks in boreal forests that supply much of the raw material for beverage cartons.Results and discussion An analysis of published rates of carbon sequestration in the managed forests of Finland and Sweden reveals that forest carbon is stable under current harvest rates. This lends support to the assumption of biogenic CO 2 neutrality in the case of beverage cartons produced from these forests. We conclude that greenhouse gas emissions would not change if an LCA included forest carbon. However, future forest dynamics and thus carbon stocks are predicted to alter in response to climate change, for example, which will have knock on effects for greenhouse gas emissions from packaging derived from forests. Conclusions This review combines current thinking on inclusion of forest carbon in LCAs with an analysis of issues that will influence carbon stocks in managed forests. Although current assumptions of biogenic CO 2 neutrality are valid in the case of European-manufactured beverage cartons, we argue that this assumption needs to be explicitly addressed in LCAs. While there is no accepted methodology for integrating biogenic forest carbon uptake into LCA, our assessment of current trends in forest carbon stocks allows for assumptions of biogenic CO 2 neutrality to be tested, although our approach may not be practical for more complex supply chains.

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Carbon and nitrogen pools in an old-growth, Norway spruce mixed forest in eastern Finland and changes associated with clear-cutting

Cited by 135 publications

References 44 publications

Relationship between biomass and percentage cover in understorey vegetation of boreal coniferous forests

Relationship between biomass and percentage cover in understorey vegetation of boreal coniferous forests

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Carbon, and Suspended Solids Loads from Forest Clear-Cutting and Site Preparation: Long-Term Paired Catchment Studies from Eastern Finland

Stable forest carbon stocks support current assumption of biogenic carbon neutrality in the case of European-manufactured beverage cartons

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