Carbon aerogels through organo-inorganic co-assembly and their application in water desalination by capacitive deionization

Kumar, Rudra; Gupta, Soujit Sen; Katiyar, Sarvagya S.; Raman, V.; Varigala, Siva Kumar; Pradeep, Thalappil; Sharma, Ashutosh

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2015.12.004

Cited by 141 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The performance of CDI is strongly affected by the electrode materials. Activated carbon (AC) , , carbon nanotubes (CNTs) , ordered mesoporous carbon , carbon aerogels , , carbon nanofibers , and graphene are widely used in CDI systems due to their high specific surface area, suitable pore structure, and good chemical stability. Traditional CDI with single carbon material as electrodes shows poor adsorption selectivity for ions, because these materials have no or weak ion selectivity , .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Vanadium Adsorption Performance of Resin/Carbon Composite Electrodes in Capacitive Deionization

2020

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Activated carbon (AC) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used to fabricate resin/carbon composite electrodes (D314/AC and D314/CNTs). The adsorption characteristics of vanadium (V) on the two electrodes under different pH and voltage conditions were compared in capacitive deionization. Physical and electrochemical studies on the electrodes indicated that micropores and mesopores are well balanced in D314/AC, but mesopores are dominant in D314/CNTs. D314/ CNTs showed higher specific capacitance and higher ion adsorption capacity than D314/AC. This study indicated that the adsorption performance of composite electrodes for V is affected by the electrode material, especially the pore properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Vanadium Adsorption Performance of Resin/Carbon Composite Electrodes in Capacitive Deionization

2020

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“…Carbon materials have been widely employed as electrode for CDI cells, such as activated carbon (AC), [13] carbon nanotubes, [14] graphene, [15] mesoporous carbon, [16] carbon frameworks, [17] and carbon aerogel, [18] which have obvious merits, such as abundant resources, easy to produce, good electrical conductivity, and tunable porous structure. Meanwhile, the CDI consisting of carbon electrodes has made great development in cell design, [19][20][21] pore structure optimization, [22] and modification of Donnan model for exploring the ion electrosorption process, [23,24] which leads several effective improvements in desalination performance.…”

Section: Carbon Electrodes For CDImentioning

confidence: 99%

Faradaic Electrodes Open a New Era for Capacitive Deionization

et al. 2020

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Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging desalination technology for effective removal of ionic species from aqueous solutions. Compared to conventional CDI, which is based on carbon electrodes and struggles with high salinity streams due to a limited salt removal capacity by ion electrosorption and excessive co-ion expulsion, the emerging Faradaic electrodes provide unique opportunities to upgrade the CDI performance, i.e., achieving much higher salt removal capacities and energy-efficient desalination for high salinity streams, due to the Faradaic reaction for ion capture. This article presents a comprehensive overview on the current developments of Faradaic electrode materials for CDI. Here, the fundamentals of Faradaic electrode-based CDI are first introduced in detail, including novel CDI cell architectures, key CDI performance metrics, ion capture mechanisms, and the design principles of Faradaic electrode materials. Three main categories of Faradaic electrode materials are summarized and discussed regarding their crystal structure, physicochemical characteristics, and desalination performance. In particular, the ion capture mechanisms in Faradaic electrode materials are highlighted to obtain a better understanding of the CDI process. Moreover, novel tailored applications, including selective ion removal and contaminant removal, are specifically introduced. Finally, the remaining challenges and research directions are also outlined to provide guidelines for future research.

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“…7,8 Thus far, carbon materials have been most widely applied in CDI electrodes, 6,9 due to their low cost, broad precursor availability, excellent capacitance, sustainability and stability. A wide variety of carbon materials such as activated carbon (AC) powders, 10 AC bres, 11 mesoporous carbon, 12 carbon nanotubes, 13 carbon nanobers, 14 carbon aerogels, 15 graphene or graphene oxide 16 and their composites 17,18 have been investigated for CDI applications. Biomass such as cotton, 11 cocoon, 19 bittertea and palm shell, 20 biochar, 21 sugar cane bagasse y ash, 22 coffee bean 23 and fungi, 24 has been widely used as a precursor for preparing AC-based materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan-based activated carbon as economic and efficient sustainable material for capacitive deionization of low salinity water

Liang

et al. 2019

RSC Adv.

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Carbon aerogels through organo-inorganic co-assembly and their application in water desalination by capacitive deionization

Cited by 141 publications

References 52 publications

Characteristics and Vanadium Adsorption Performance of Resin/Carbon Composite Electrodes in Capacitive Deionization

Characteristics and Vanadium Adsorption Performance of Resin/Carbon Composite Electrodes in Capacitive Deionization

Faradaic Electrodes Open a New Era for Capacitive Deionization

Chitosan-based activated carbon as economic and efficient sustainable material for capacitive deionization of low salinity water

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