Carbon accounting of material substitution with biomass: Case studies for Austria investigated with IPCC default and alternative approaches

Kalt, Gerald; Höher, Martin; Lauk, Christian; Schipfer, Fabian; Kranzl, Lukas

doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2016.06.022

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…If this accounting approach is maintained, carbon savings calculated here would not materialize in the national GHG inventory [cf. 13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon dynamics and GHG implications of increasing wood construction: long-term scenarios for residential buildings in Austria

Kalt

2018

Carbon Management

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Wooden construction elements often exhibit lower life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than conventional counterparts (‘material substitution effect’). Moreover, the building stock represents a carbon (C) sink if timber inflows (construction) surpass outflows (demolition) (‘C-stock effect’). A dynamic stock model incorporating these effects is applied to quantify potential climate benefits of wood construction in Austria's residential building sector. If present trends are maintained, culminating in a wood construction share (WCS) of 50% during 2050-2100, building shells could contain three times as much C in 2100 as today. Annual timber demand for residential construction could double, but would remain well below Austria's current net exports. Compared to a baseline scenario with constant WCS (22%), cumulated GHG savings from material substitution until 2050 are estimated 2 to 4.2 Tg CO 2 -equivalent – clearly less than savings from C-stock expansion (9.2 Tg). Savings from both effects would double in a highly ambitious scenario (WCS=80% during 2050-2100). The applied ’Stock Change Approach’ is consistent with IPCC Guidelines, but the above-mentioned savings from C-stock changes would not materialize under the current default GHG inventory accounting approach. Moreover, savings from C-stock effects must eventually be weighed against forest C-stock changes, as growing domestic demand might stimulate wood harvesting.

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“…If this accounting approach is maintained, carbon savings calculated here would not materialize in the national GHG inventory [cf. 13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This aspect is usually termed ‘product/material substitution’ [cf. 2,13,14]. And, second, is the ‘carbon stock/pool/storage effect’; it refers to the fact that carbon remains fixed in wood products throughout their service life.…”

Section: Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dynamics and GHG implications of increasing wood construction: long-term scenarios for residential buildings in Austria

Kalt

2018

Carbon Management

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“…Heat was assumed to be produced from natural gas-based boilers, this being the most likely thermal energy source for individual producers (in the absence of a connection to district heating). The marginal product for insulation was identified in glass wool, on the basis of the information reported in Kalt et al (2016). With respect to the marginal source of the wood, it should be noticed that, along with post-consumer wood waste to be managed, two additional wood biomasses were involved in the assessment: the virgin wood products whose provision and manufacture is avoided through wood waste recycling (scenario A1 to C4 and E1; see Figure 1 and Appendix C), and wood pellets constituting a share of the marginal mix for electricity supply (39% of the total) and also representing one of the wood waste recycling applications (scenario F1; see Figure 1).…”

Section: Identification Of Marginal Processes and Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic accounting of greenhouse gas emissions from cascading utilisation of wood waste

Faraca

Tonini

Astrup

2019

Science of The Total Environment

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“…It has been formed into two types of accounting systems: the top-down system and down-up system. Among the examples of the top-down system, the 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was the most typical case (Kalt et al 2016;Schueler et al 2018). The IPCC approach measured carbon emission sources through a layer-by-layer classification to obtain the final carbon emissions.…”

Section: Carbon Emissions Accounting Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon emissions accounting for China’s coal mining sector: invisible sources of climate change

et al. 2018

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Coal is the primary source of China's carbon emissions due to the energy structure and its resource endowment. This reality creates enormous pressure and impetus for low-carbon pathways of coal production and consumption. Based on a literature review on carbon emissions accounting methods, this paper builds a source-driven CO 2 emissions accounting model for the coal development sector using the emissions factor method. Scenario analysis is employed to predict future carbon emission equivalents and to indicate possible implications for climate change mitigation in this sector. Carbon emissions from coal development are mainly derived from coal mine gas emissions, which yield 62% of the sector's total carbon emissions, followed by energy consumption. The recent decline in coal mining-driven CO 2 emissions is mainly due to the strict deployment of coal mine gas and the changing structure of coal mines. The results from the scenarios suggest that the carbon emissions reduction potential will largely be determined by technology innovation in the coal mine gas industry. Policy implications for further addressing carbon emissions from the supply side of the coal industry include improvements in energy efficiency and coal mine gas extraction and utilization.

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Carbon accounting of material substitution with biomass: Case studies for Austria investigated with IPCC default and alternative approaches

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Carbon dynamics and GHG implications of increasing wood construction: long-term scenarios for residential buildings in Austria

Carbon dynamics and GHG implications of increasing wood construction: long-term scenarios for residential buildings in Austria

Dynamic accounting of greenhouse gas emissions from cascading utilisation of wood waste

Carbon emissions accounting for China’s coal mining sector: invisible sources of climate change

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