Carbazole Derivatized n‐Alkyl Methacrylate Polymeric Memristors as Flexible Synaptic Substitutes

Abstract

A memristor is a two‐terminal electronic device whose observed conductance is dependent on the history of the voltage that has been applied across the device. In this effort, poly(11‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)undecyl methacrylate) (PUMA) is fabricated into a two‐terminal device with Al and ITO electrodes and exhibits a number of signature memristor characteristics such as an irreversible transition from an insulator to a conductor at a specific DC voltage and hysteresis in the AC response. A PUMA‐based device could transition through a multitude of conductance states with varying voltage, allowing the device to exhibit spike‐timing‐dependent‐plasticity, an essential feature in replicating the behavior of biological synapses.

Memristor Circuits for Colloidal Robotics: Temporal Access to Memory, Sensing, and Actuation

“…To put this wide error tolerance in perspective, the relative variation in R ON can be consistently controlled below 8% in the latest spin-coated memristor devices of a wide range of materials. [87][88][89][90]…”

Rewritable resistive memory effect in poly[N-(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl)-methacrylamide] memristor

“…9,11,12 These devices exhibit nonlinear current-voltage (I-V) characteristics with voltagedependent hysteresis and can mimic the behaviour of biological synapses, making them potentially useful for neuromorphic computing 6,12,13 and machine learning. 14,15 Depending on the material used for the active layer, various mechanisms have been proposed for the transition between different conduction states of the ReRAM. They mainly include redox reactions influenced by ion migration, phase or conformational transitions, thermophoresis, conducting filament formation, electron tunnelling, or charge trapping in localized states.…”

“…9,11,12 These devices exhibit nonlinear current–voltage ( I – V ) characteristics with voltage-dependent hysteresis and can mimic the behaviour of biological synapses, making them potentially useful for neuromorphic computing 6,12,13 and machine learning. 14,15…”

Donor-acceptor-type poly[chalcogenoviologen-alt-triphenylamine] for synaptic biomimicking and neuromorphic computing

“…The human memory mainly benefits from the natural evolution of neural networks that exhibit several outstanding properties such as massive parallel processing, in-memory computing architecture, event-driven operation and others. Since the discovery of the first real memristor at HP Labs in 2008 ( Strukov et al., 2008 ), great efforts have been devoted to developing novel memristive functional materials and devices to construct artificial neural networks for neuromorphic computation and emulate the physiological functions (e.g., the learning, memorizing, forgetting, decision-making, and judging actions) of biological synapses ( Chen et al., 2014 ; Zhang et al.,2018 , Zhang et al, 2019 , 2020 , Zhang et al, 2021 ; Van De Burgt et al., 2018 ; Choi et al.,2018 , 2020 ; Liu et al.,2016 , 2018 ; Li et al., 2017 ; Wan et al., 2020 ; Kim et al., 2018 ; Wang et al., 2014 , 2015 ; Ren et al., 2020 ; McFarlane et al., 2020 ). Recently, it was found that the negative photoconductance effect observed impressively in the high resistance state branch of the resistive switching memory enabled the memristor function to be extended to both memory logic display and multistate data storage ( Zhou et al., 2021 ).…”

“…Since 2005, polymer memories have been proposed to revolutionize electrical applications by providing extremely inexpensive, lightweight, and transparent modules that can be fabricated onto plastic, glass, or the top layer of the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor circuits. Similar to these inorganic materials, some polymer functional materials, including metal-containing polymers, polymer-based multi-component redox systems, and pure polymers, have also been found to exhibit excellent memristive performance in recent years ( Chen et al., 2014 ; Zhang et al.,2018 , Zhang et al, 2019 , 2020 , Zhang et al, 2021 ; Wang et al.,2014 , 2015 ; Liu et al., 2016 ; Ren et al., 2020 ; McFarlane et al., 2020 ; Pincella et al., 2011 ; Bandyopadhyay et al., 2011 ). With these polymer memristors, one can observe nonlinear transmission characteristics similar to that of a biological synapse.…”