Características vegetativas, fenológicas e produtivas do pessegueiro cultivar Chimarrita enxertado em diferentes porta-enxertos

Abstract

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes porta-enxertos no desenvolvimento vegetativo, fenológico e produtivo do pessegueiro [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cv. Chimarrita. Os portaenxertos utilizados foram 'Capdeboscq', 'Tsukuba 1', 'Okinawa', 'Aldrighi' e 'GF 305'. As variáveis analisadas foram: diâmetro do tronco, volume da copa, material retirado da poda, época de brotação, época de fl oração, quantidade de clorofi la, área foliar específi ca, comprimento dos ramos principais, produtividade, massa dos frutos, coloração do fruto, fi rmeza de polpa, teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez titulável (TA), relação SST/AT, fenóis totais e época de maturação. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições com cinco plantas cada. Não houve efeito dos porta-enxertos em: início da brotação, início da queda de folha, área foliar específi ca e maturação e massa de fruto. O diâmetro de tronco, comprimento de ramos, volume de copa, massa verde da poda e quantidade de clorofi la foram infl uenciados mais pelos porta-enxertos 'Capdeboscq', 'Okinawa' e 'Tsukuba 1'. O maior número de fl ores por ramo foi obtido com o porta-enxerto 'Capdeboscq'. Frutos mais avermelhados foram produzidos com o porta-enxerto 'GF 305', e os vermelhoamarelados com 'Okinawa'.Termos para indexação: Prunus, desenvolvimento, fenologia, fl oração, produtividade. Vegetative, phenological and productive characteristics of peach trees cultivar Chimarrita grafted on different rootstocksAbstract -The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different rootstocks on vegetative, phenological and productive development of peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cv. Chimarrita. The rootstocks used were 'Capdeboscq', 'Tsukuba 1', 'Okinawa', 'Aldrighi' and 'GF 305'. The variables studied were: trunk diameter, canopy volume, pruning weight, leafi ng and fl owering time, chlorophyll content, leaf specifi c area, length of scaffold branches, fruit weight and color, fruit fl esh fi rmness, total soluble solid (TSS) content, titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA ratio, total phenols and fruit ripening time. The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design with four replicates, with fi ve plants each. No effect of the rootstocks was verifi ed on the beginning of leafi ng, and on leaf fall, leaf specifi c area, and fruit ripening and weight. The trunk diameter, length of branches, canopy volume, weight of the material removed by the pruning and chlorophyll content were better infl uenced by 'Capdeboscq', 'Okinawa' and 'Tsukuba 1'. The highest number of fl owers per branch was obtained with the rootstock 'Capdeboscq'. 'GF 305' provided redder fruits and 'Okinawa' redder-yellow fruits.

Productive and vegetative performance of peach trees grafted on six rootstocks in a replanting area

“…However, FM was not affected by rootstocks. This result corroborates those of Picolotto et al (2009), who did not find differences among rootstocks for the 'Chimarrita' peach tree. Aspects related with fruit color also vary among rootstocks, mainly in 'Chimarrita', in which 'Umezeiro' induced lower hue and luminosity and higher C*.…”

“…The rootstock effect on the maturation point could be linked to a delay in the time of bud sprouting, as observed by Durner & Goffreda (1992), or to a direct rootstock effect on the scion's metabolism, probably due to the transport of mRNA in the phloem, causing changes in gene expression (Harada, 2010). The value obtained in the present study for the SS/AT ratio is in alignment with those of Picolotto et al (2009) for 'Chimarrita'. The obtained results show that 'Umezeiro' cannot be considered a good rootstock in the conditions of replanting areas for the evaluated scions, due to high plant mortality.…”

“…It should be noted that a higher hue value indicates a more reddish color of fruits, which makes them more attractive to the consumer. Changes in L* and h o were also reported by Picolotto et al (2009) for the fruit of 'Chimarrita' peach trees grafted on different rootstocks. However, these variables were not evaluated in other studies.…”

“…Yield was also below those obtained in other studies in Brazilian conditions with the same combinations of scion/rootstock. Picolotto et al (2009) reported an average yield of 11.1 Mg ha -1 for 'Chimarrita' on 'Capdeboscq' and of 11.86 Mg ha -1 on 'Okinawa'. According to Galarça et al (2013), yield varied from 1.1 to 17.7 Mg ha -1 for 'Chimarrita' and from 4.3 to 25.2 Mg ha -1 for 'Maciel', on different rootstocks and in different locations.…”

Vigor, floração, produção e qualidade de pêssegos 'Chimarrita' e 'Maciel' em função de diferentes porta-enxertos

“…Provavelmente, o Umezeiro, por ser um porta-enxerto menos vigoroso, permite a passagem de maior luminosidade através da copa da planta. Segundo PICOLOTTO et al (2009), o teor de SS dos pêssegos recebe maior influência de alguns fatores, tais como posição do fruto na planta, penetração de luz na copa, tipo de ramo e de poda do que pelo porta-enxerto. Para as demais variáveis avaliadas, não houve diferença significativa.…”