Características agronômicas de bananeiras tipo Prata sob diferentes sistemas de irrigação

Abstract

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características agronômicas de bananeiras tipo Prata em três ciclos de produção, sob diferentes sistemas de irrigação, em condições semiáridas. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos em arranjo fatorial 3x2: três sistemas de irrigação -aspersão convencional, microaspersão e gotejamento -e dois genótipos -'Prata-Anã' e PA42-44. Utilizaram-se quatro repetições e parcelas com seis plantas úteis. À época do florescimento, avaliaram-se: altura de planta; perímetro de pseudocaule; número de folhas vivas; comprimento e largura da terceira folha; área foliar total e índice de área foliar. À colheita, avaliaram-se: massa do cacho e das pencas; massa média das pencas; massa das três primeiras pencas; número de pencas e de frutos; massa, comprimento e diâmetro de fruto; e número de folhas vivas. O sistema de irrigação por gotejamento proporciona menor vigor, expresso pelo porte e perímetro do pseudocaule, para bananeiras tipo Prata, em comparação aos sistemas de irrigação por aspersão e microaspersão. A 'Prata-Anã' apresenta maior número de frutos e de pencas por cacho, enquanto seu híbrido PA42-44 apresenta maior massa, comprimento e diâmetro do fruto.Termos para indexação: Musa, distribuição de água, irrigação pressurizada, triploide AAB, tetraploide AAAB. Agronomic characteristics of Prata type banana plants under different irrigation systemsAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of Prata banana plants during three production cycles, under different irrigation systems, in semi-arid conditions. A randomized block design was adopted with six treatments, in a 3x2 factorial arrangement: three irrigation systems -conventional sprinkler, microsprinkler and drip -and two genotypes -'Prata-Anã' and its hybrid PA42-44. Four replicates in plots with six useful plants were used. Plant height, pseudostem perimeter, number of alive leaves, length and width of the third leaf, total leaf area, and leaf area index were evaluated at flowering. Weight of bunch and hands, mean weight of hands, weight of the three first hands, number of hands and fruits per bunches, and weight, length and diameter of fruits and number of alive leaves were evaluated during the harvest season. The drip irrigation system provides smaller vigor to banana Prata, in comparison to conventional and to micro sprinkler systems, as can be seen by the size and perimeter of the pseudostem. The cultivar Prata-Anã shows a larger number of fruit and hands per brunch, while its hybrid PA42-44 shows larger weight, length and fruit diameter.

Agronomic Evaluation of Banana Plants in Three Production Cycles in Southwestern State of Bahia

“…Agronomic characteristics of 'Prata' type banana in three productive cycles evaluated by Marques et al (2011) in Guanambi-BA, reached leaf area values around 9.75 and 11.70 m² for 'Prata-Anã' and 'BRS Platina' cultivars, respectively, lower than those observed in this study.…”

“…Superiority of leaf area indexes of 'PrataAnã' cultivar when compared to its progeny, 'BRS Platina', in three cycles evaluated under different irrigation systems was also recorded by Marques et al (2011). The results ranged from 1.30 to 2.36 m 2 m -2 , whose values are similar to those found in this study.…”

“…At Guanambi-BA, some studies have already been conducted to evaluate banana genotypes, as those performed by Donato et al (2006Donato et al ( , 2009, Azevedo et al (2010), Faria et al (2010), Marques et al (2011) and Sant'Ana et al (2012).…”

Phenotypical correlations between agronomical characters in Prata type bananas (Musa) and its implications on yield estimat

“…Analyzing Table 1, it is seen that the genotypes Dwarf Prata and BRS Platina present proximity of vegetative characteristics values. Several authors confirm the size similarity of the genotypes (Donato et al, 2006(Donato et al, , 2009Ledo et al, 2008;Oliveira et al, 2008;Marques et al, 2011). However, these studies observed the superiority of the progenitor compared to the hybrid, regarding the pseudostem perimeter and number of green leaves at harvest.…”

“…In this context, several studies confirm these differences between 'Dwarf Prata' and 'BRS Platina', which indicate that these are varietal differences that happen regardless of environmental and management conditions (Donato et al, 2006;Ledo et al, 2008;Donato et al, 2009;Marques et al, 2011). Thus, considering that bananas are commercialized upon classification, which includes fruit dimensions, both genotypes presented fruits that would be well ranked (Table 2), with an advantage for the 'BRS Platina'.…”