Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a widely prescribed immunosuppressive agent after solid organ transplantation. Potential teratogenic effects after in utero exposure to MMF in experimental studies and clinical observations in humans has been postulated in recent literature. However, a specific pattern of malformation has not been identified yet. We present a newborn patient, born to a recipient of renal transplantation, who became pregnant while taking MMF as immunosuppressive therapy. The newborn exhibited cleft lip and palate, bilateral microtia and atretic external auditory canals, chorioretinal coloboma, hypertelorism, and micrognathia. An extensive review of the literature documented six other cases with similar malformations after in utero exposure to MMF. A consistent pattern of malformations comprising cleft lip and palate, microtia and external auditory canals could be observed in five of the six cases. A different malformative pattern observed in one of the patients could be attributed to a different agent rather than MMF. The possible teratogenic effects of other immunosuppressive drugs, such as tacrolimus and prednisone, to which this patient was also exposed, are discussed herein. In addition, the differential diagnosis with other dysmorphic syndromes that can present with a similar phenotype, such as CHARGE syndrome, 18q deletion and hypertelorism-microtia-clefting (HMC) syndrome, is presented. We conclude that in utero exposure to MMF can cause a characteristic phenotype and propose the existence of a mycophenolate-associated embryopathy whose main features are: cleft lip and palate, microtia with atresia of external auditory canal, micrognathia and hypertelorism. Ocular anomalies, corpus callosum agenesis, heart defects, kidney malformations, and diaphragmatic hernia may be part of the phenotypic spectrum of MMF embryopathy. The human teratogenicity of MMF is reinforced by this report, and the current contraceptive recommendations about its use in fertile women are stressed.

Prematurity is associated with protracted oxidative stress, and human milk is partially protective.

Genetic diversity of accessions of the mangaba germplasm bank in Sergipe, BrazilAbstract -The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic variability of mangaba accessions of natural populations, from 11 locations, using RAPD markers. The accessions belong to Banco Ativo de Mangaba of Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, in Itaporanga d'Ajuda, SE, Brazil. A total of 13 primers were used, which generated 82 fragments, of which 78 (95%) were polymorphic. Genetic analysis among regions showed low genetic diversity; however, genetic similarity ranged from 0.02 to 0.91, for the 55 accessions. Divergent groups were identified by UPGMA and ACoP clustering. The least similar accessions were derived from Ipiranguinha (Conde, PB, Brazil) and Preguiça (Indiaroba, SE, Brazil), and the most similar from Jandaíra (Costa Azul, BA, Brazil). From the total, 49 accessions were genetically distinct and six were similar. By using RAPD markers, it was possible to obtain a unique molecular profile, besides estimating the variability among the accessions evaluated. The Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Mangaba of Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros shows low genetic diversity among locations.

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RESUMO-Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de 20 genótipos de bananeira nas condições edafoclimáticas da região do Baixo São Francisco-SE. O experimento foi instalado em área experimental da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, no município de Propriá-SE. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e três touceiras úteis por parcela. Foram avaliados caracteres de crescimento e produção no primeiro e segundo ciclos. Os híbridos PV42-53, PV42-68, PV42-85 e FHIA-02, devido ao bom desempenho com relação ao peso do cacho e peso médio do fruto, podem ser recomendados para cultivo no Baixo São Francisco. O híbrido FHIA-18 apresentou excelentes características agronômicas, sendo uma alternativa a cultivar Prata-Anã. Os híbridos Ambrósia e Bucaneiro podem ser indicados por apresentarem cachos grandes e sabor semelhante às bananas do subgrupo Cavendish. O híbrido YB42-07 tem potencial para ser lançado como cultivar em áreas de cultivo de banana Maçã. Termos para indexação: Musa sp., variedades, híbridos. EVALUATION OF BANANA GENOTYPES IN THE LOW SÃO FRANCISCO RIVER BASIN, SERGIPE, BRAZILABSTRACT-The main objective of this work was evaluated the performance of twenty genotypes of Musa sp., in the environmental conditions of the Low São Francisco River Basin, Propriá, SE, and Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications and three useful plants per parcel. rowth and yield characteristics were analyzed during the first and second production cycles. Hybrids PV42-53, PV42-68, PV42-85 and FHIA-02 because of the bigger production and greater weight of the fruit, should be recommended for culture in the region. Hybrid FHIA-18 presented excellent agronomic characteristics, being an alternative to 'Prata Anã'. The hybrids Ambrosia and Buccaneer can be an alternative for Cavendish bananas, by showing great bunches and similar flavor. Hybrid YB42-07 could be an option for areas of 'Silk' banana culture in the region of the Low São Francisco River, having potential to be set up as cultivar.

Brazilian orchids are currently threatened with extinction due to habitat loss and, because of their high ornamental value, intense collecting pressure. Genetic diversity can play a key role in the survival of endangered orchid species. Here we provide the first data on genetic diversity and structure of wild populations in the genus Cattleya, in particular C. labiata, using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. We studied 130 individuals, 117 belonging to Cattleya labiata and 13 from 10 other species in the same genus. Data generated from 12 ISSR and 12 RAPD primers were used to determine genetic variability via a model-based Bayesian procedure (Structure) and molecular variance analysis. In addition, Shannon index, genetic diversity and Jaccard coefficients were also estimated. The marker data indicated that C. labiata has a high level of polymorphism, and five reconstructed populations were identified by Structure. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram did not group the samples by origin, which was also confirmed by Bayesian analysis, demonstrating the complex genetic structure of C. labiata. Other Cattleya species showed no relationship with any C. labiata sample. This genetic characterization of Cattleya from northeast Brazil contributes to knowledge of the genetic structure of the species and can be used to define strategies for conservation and breeding programmes.

Gray matter (GM) volume deficits have been described in patients with schizophrenia (Sz) and bipolar disorder (BD), but to date, few studies have directly compared GM volumes between these syndromes with methods allowing for whole-brain comparisons. We have used structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to compare GM volumes between 38 Sz and 19 BD chronic patients. We also included 24 healthy controls. The results revealed a widespread cortical (dorsolateral and medial prefrontal and precentral) and cerebellar deficit as well as GM deficits in putamen and thalamus in Sz when compared to BD patients. Besides, a subcortical GM deficit was shown by Sz and BD groups when compared to the healthy controls, although a putaminal reduction was only evident in the Sz patients. In this comparison, the BD patients showed a limited cortical and subcortical GM deficit. These results support a partly different pattern of GM deficits associated to chronic Sz and chronic BD, with some degree of overlapping.

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi ajustar os protocolos de cultivo in vitro de embriões zigóticos e de aclimatação de plântulas de coqueiro-anão-verde do Brasil de Jiqui (Cocos nucifera L.). Os embriões zigóticos maduros, colocados assepticamente em meio de cultura líquido Y3 suplementado com 27,8 mg L de carvão ativado, apresentaram incremento do desenvolvimento radicular e da parte aérea. Na fase de aclimatação, o substrato composto por areia lavada e pó de casca de coco seco, na proporção de 1:1, proporcionou maior sobrevivência das plântulas (58,33%), maior crescimento da parte aérea (39,08 cm) e maior número de folhas (6,33). Os protocolos estabelecidos para o cultivo in vitro de embriões zigóticos e a aclimatação de coqueiro-anão-verde de Jiqui podem ser utilizados no intercâmbio e conservação de germoplasma.Termos para indexação: Cocos nucifera, germinação in vitro, meios de cultura, regulador de crescimento. In vitro culture of zygotic embryos and acclimatization of green dwarf coconut palmAbstract -The objective of this work was to improve the protocols for culture and acclimatization of green dwarf coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.). Mature zygotic embryos, cultivated in vitro aseptically in Y3 liquid medium culture, supplemented with 27.8 mg L of activated charcoal, promoted better root and shoot development. In the acclimatization phase, the 1:1 substrate composed of washed sand and coconut coir dust provided higher survival of plantlets (58.33%), larger growth of the aerial part (39.08 cm) and larger number of leaves (6.33). The established protocols for in vitro culture of zygotic embryos and acclimatization of green dwarf coconut palm plantlets can be applied to germplasm exchange and conservation.