Capillary Gas Chromatographic Determination of T-2 Toxin, HT-2 Toxin, and Diacetoxyscirpenol in Cereal Grains

Cohen, Huguette; Lapointe, Michel

doi:10.1093/jaoac/67.6.1105

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Hydrogen bonding of the 7-a-hydroxyl with the Rg carbonyl provides a further shielding influence. Some trichothecenes, such as T-2 and DAS, without the R7 hydroxyl group, can be derivatized in 15 s with HFBI at room temperature (Romeret al, 1978), while DON requires 60-120 min at 60 °C (Black et al, 1987;Cohen and Lapointe, 1984;Ware et al, 1984) or 15 min atllO°C (Krishnamurthyet al, 1986). High temperatures or long reaction times may have adverse effects on derivatization; side reactions may result in the formation of byproducts which would reduce the apparent derivatization efficiency and increase potential interferences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Derivatization is typically required to obtain suitable volatility and good chromatographic results. Trimethylsilylation with either flame ionization detection (FID) or electron capture detection (ECD) have been applied successfully to several trichothecenes (Kuroda et al, 1979;Chu, 1990;Moller and Gustavsson, 1992), as have fluoroacyl derivatives with ECD (Romer et al, 1978; Cohen and Lapointe, 1984;; Scott et al, 1989). The use of ECD provides considerable sensitivity to the analytical method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analysis of Trichothecene Mycotoxins by Gas Chromatography with Electron-Capture Detection

Croteau¹,

Prelusky²,

Trenholm³

1994

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Trichothecene Mycotoxins by Gas Chromatography with Electron-Capture Detection

Croteau¹,

Prelusky²,

Trenholm³

1994

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…15 Several analytical methods have been developed to detect these toxins. The most commonly used methods include GC/ECD, 14, [16][17][18][19] TLC/MS, 20 TLC/fluorescence, [21][22][23] HPLC/UV, 14 HPLC/MS, 24,25 and GC/MS. [26][27][28] These methods require significant amounts of time associated with labor-intensive cleanup, sophisticated instrumentation, and skilled operators.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Electrochemical Detection of Type-B Trichothecene Mycotoxins

1999

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Trichothecene mycotoxins in animal feed and human food can cause fatalities in livestock and disease in humans. In addition, these toxins are suspected chemical warfare agents. Therefore, development of a simple and sensitive method for the screening of trichothecenes is important to prevent economic loss and health hazards. A simple and inexpensive method for the detection of type-B trichothecene mycotoxins has been developed in our laboratory. By hydrolyzing the toxin under basic conditions at 80 degrees C for 1 h it is possible to detect the toxin with simple electrochemical techniques. Deoxynivalenol (DON), commonly known as vomitoxin, was used as a representative compound for type-B trichothecenes in this detection scheme. The detection limit for DON using our procedures was determined to be 9.1 microM in solution, corresponding to 0.24 ppm in a 25-g grain sample if the final extraction volume is 2.2 mL. The linear dynamic detection range was determined to be from 0.32 ppm to greater than 32 ppm. In addition to standard solutions, this method was used on rice samples spiked with DON. It was demonstrated that there is no electrochemical interference from rice extract and that 1 ppm of DON in rice samples can be quantified. This method may be ideal for toxin screening in animal feeds or in runoff from sites that produce the compounds as chemical warfare agents. Since the active moiety in DON is common to virtually all type-B trichothecenes, our approach may be ideal for type-specific screening.

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“…Extraction of DAS from different matrices is mostly done with acetonitrile and water (Berthiller et al., ; Asam and Rychlik, ), or with methanol and water (Cohen and Lapointe, ), or with ethylacetate and formic acid (Diana Di Mavungu et al., ; García‐Moraleja et al., ,b). In addition, QuEChERS‐based extraction has been described, which is easy to handle (Desmarchelier et al., ; Sospedra et al., ; Rodríguez‐Carrasco et al., ,b; Tamura et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gas chromatography (GC) followed by flame ionisation detection (FID) (Bata et al., ; Furlong and Valente Soares, ) and by electron capture detection (ECD) (Cohen and Lapointe, ) have been reported. GC coupled to mass spectrometric (MS and MS/MS) detection is still popular (Thrane et al., ; Schollenberger et al., ; Rodríguez‐Carrasco et al., ,b; Escrivá et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk to human and animal health related to the presence of 4,15‐diacetoxyscirpenol in food and feed

Knutsen¹,

Alexander²,

Barregård³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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4,15-Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) is a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium fungi and occurring predominantly in cereal grains. As requested by the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) assessed the risk of DAS to human and animal health related to its presence in food and feed. Very limited information was available on toxicity and on toxicokinetics in experimental and farm animals. Due to the limitations in the available data set, human acute and chronic health-based guidance values (HBGV) were established based on data obtained in clinical trials of DAS as an anticancer agent (anguidine) after intravenous administration to cancer patients. The CONTAM Panel considered these data as informative for the hazard characterisation of DAS after oral exposure. The main adverse effects after acute and repeated exposure were emesis, with a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 32 lg DAS/kg body weight (bw), and haematotoxicity, with a NOAEL of 65 lg DAS/kg bw, respectively. An acute reference dose (ARfD) of 3.2 lg DAS/kg bw and a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.65 lg DAS/kg bw were established. Based on over 15,000 occurrence data, the highest acute and chronic dietary exposures were estimated to be 0.8 and 0.49 lg DAS/kg bw per day, respectively, and were not of health concern for humans. The limited information for poultry, pigs and dogs indicated a low risk for these animals at the estimated DAS exposure levels under current feeding practices, with the possible exception of fattening chicken. Assuming similar or lower sensitivity than for poultry, the risk was considered overall low for other farm and companion animal species for which no toxicity data were available. In consideration of the similarities of several trichothecenes and the likelihood of co-exposure via food and feed, it could be appropriate to perform a cumulative risk assessment for this group of substances. Acknowledgments: The CONTAM Panel wishes to thank the hearing expert Chiara Dall'Asta, the WG member Hanspeter Naegeli and the EFSA staff member Mari Eskola for the support provided to this scientific output. The CONTAM Panel acknowledges all European competent institutions and other stakeholders that provided occurrence data on DAS in food and feed, and supported the data collection for the Comprehensive European Food Consumption database.

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Capillary Gas Chromatographic Determination of T-2 Toxin, HT-2 Toxin, and Diacetoxyscirpenol in Cereal Grains

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of Trichothecene Mycotoxins by Gas Chromatography with Electron-Capture Detection

Analysis of Trichothecene Mycotoxins by Gas Chromatography with Electron-Capture Detection

Indirect Electrochemical Detection of Type-B Trichothecene Mycotoxins

Risk to human and animal health related to the presence of 4,15‐diacetoxyscirpenol in food and feed

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