Analysis of Trichothecene Mycotoxins by Gas Chromatography with Electron-Capture Detection

Croteau, Stephen M.; Prelusky, Dan B.; Trenholm, H. L.

doi:10.1021/jf00040a018

Cited by 66 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Aflatoxin concentrations (B1, B2, G1, and G2) in the test diets were analyzed by HPLC (method 999.07, AOAC 2005) at Trilogy Analytical Laboratory, Washington, MO. The control diets were also analyzed for deoxynivalenol (MacDonald et al 2005); fumonisins B1, B2, and B3 (method 49.5.02, AOAC 2002); ochratoxin A (method 2000.03, AOAC 2002); and T-2 toxin (Croteau et al 1994).…”

Section: Preparación Y Composición Química De La Dieta Y Análisis De mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth, feed intake, survival, and histological response of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets containing grains naturally contaminated with aflatoxin

et al. 2012

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INTRODUCCIÓNEl objetivo final de los fabricantes y proveedores de alimento acuícola es asegurar que los alimentos producidos sean seguros y saludables (Tacon y Metian 2008 ABSTRACT. Two feeding trials were carried out to evaluate the effect of diets containing corn or peanut grains naturally contaminated with aflatoxins on the growth, feed intake, survival, and histological response of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. In trial 1, four experimental diets were formulated to contain 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 g kg -1 of total aflatoxins (TA) and fed to L. vannamei juveniles for 28 days. In trial 2, six experimental diets were formulated to contain 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 120 g kg -1 TA and fed to L. vannamei juveniles for 64 days. Feed intake and weight gain were significantly affected by the presence of aflatoxins from naturally contaminated grains. Feed conversion rate increased significantly from a level of inclusion of 60 g kg -1 . Survival was significantly reduced only for shrimp fed diets supplemented with 1000 and 2000 g kg -1 TA. Shrimp exposed to higher aflatoxin inclusion levels presented significantly lower lipid vacuole levels in R-cells (12-28%), lower B-cell activity, and lower mitotic E-cell activity. Tubular epithelial atrophy increased from the inclusion level of 20 g kg -1 . Hepatopancreatocyte sloughing was significantly higher in shrimp fed diets supplemented with 1000 and 2000 g kg -1 TA. It is worth noting that shrimp fed 40 g kg -1 TA presented a high hepatopancreatocyte sloughing coefficient. Based on these results we conclude that the presence of aflatoxins, even at low levels, reduces feed intake and weight gain, and alters the cells of the hepatopancreas.Key words: aflatoxin, shrimp, growth, Litopenaeus vannamei. RESUMEN.Se llevaron a cabo dos bioensayos para evaluar el efecto de granos de maíz y maní contaminados naturalmente con aflatoxinas sobre el crecimiento, consumo de alimento, supervivencia y daños histológicos de juveniles del camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei. Para el bioensayo 1, se formularon cuatro dietas con 0, 500, 1000 y 2000 g kg -1 de aflatoxinas totales (AT) y se proporcionaron a juveniles de L. vannamei durante 28 días. Para el bioensayo 2, se formularon seis dietas con 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 y 120 g kg -1 AT y se proporcionaron a juveniles de L. vannamei durante 64 días. El consumo de alimento fue significativamente afectado por la presencia de aflatoxinas. La tasa de conversión alimenticia incrementó significativamente a partir de un nivel de inclusión de 60 g kg -1 . La supervivencia fue significativamente reducida solamente en los camarones que fueron alimentados con las dietas suplementadas con 1000 y 2000 g kg -1 AT. Los camarones expuestos a los niveles de inclusión altos presentaron un menor nivel de vacuolas lipídicas en las células R (12-28%), y una menor actividad de las células B y de la actividad mitótica de las células E. La atrofia de los túbulos del epitelio se incrementó a partir de un nivel de inclusión de 20 g kg -1 . La descamación de las ...

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Section: Preparación Y Composición Química De La Dieta Y Análisis De mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Las dietas control también fueron analizadas para el deoxinivalenol (MacDonald et al 2005); las fumonisinas B1, B2 y B3 (método 49.5.02, AOAC 2002); la ocratoxina A (método 2000.03, AOAC 2002); y la toxina T-2 (Croteau et al 1994).…”

Section: Zootechnical Parameters and Histological Analysisunclassified

Growth, feed intake, survival, and histological response of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets containing grains naturally contaminated with aflatoxin

et al. 2012

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“…Dietary components were screened for DON and other trichothecenes (Croteau et al 1994), and zearalenone [Trenholm et al (1981) Lessard et al (1991) (Porter et al 1990). …”

Section: Diets and Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The subacute toxicosis resulting from chronic, low-level exposure to these toxins can lead to nonspecific effects associated with poor performance. While reduced feed consumption and poor growth have been reported in swine fed diets containing > 1 mg kg-l, the effects can vary depending whether naturallycontaminated material which may contain other unidentified toxic compounds or pure toxin is used (Foster et al 1986; Bergsjo et al 1993;Prelusky et al 1994;Trenholm et al Information concerning the effects of DON on the immune function in growing swine is rather limited.…”

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Effects of deoxynivalenol-contaminated diet on performance and blood parameters in growing swine

Rotter¹,

Thompson²,

Lessard³

1995

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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1995. Effects of deoxynivalenol-contaminated diet on performance and blood parameters in growing swine. Can. J. . An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding a deoxynivatenot (lON)-contaminated diet (4.0 mg DON kg-1 dieg on performance and blood parameters of growing pigs 1tS.O-SO.S tg body weight) over a42-dperiod. Blood simples were collected weekly from all animals. Ad libitum fed control and pair-fed control groups were used to distinguish between differences in feed intake and specific effects of the DON-containing iiet. pigs fed the DoN-diet had on average loEo lo*"t feed intake and l3vo lower weight gain compared to the control ad libitum fed pigs. At necropsy there were no differences in the absolute and relative organ weights, but the fundic region of the stomach of pigs feO the DON-diet was more comrgated than for either of the controls. Blood prohles based on weekly sampling showed transient changes in serum protein for th" boN-di"t. Serum protein decreased compared to both controls at weeks 2 and 3 followed by recovery to control vilues. The B-globulin values between weeks 2 and 4 were also depressed. The data suggest that DON may impair proiein synthesis in the liver, however, the animals were able to adapt to the dietary contamination and showed recovery by the end of the 6 wk experiment. une chute entre la 2e etla4e semaine de l'exp6rience. Il ressort de ces r6sultats que le d6oxynival6nol peut enfiaver la synthdse prot6ique dans le foie, bien que les animaux 6iaient capables de s'adapter h sa pr6sence dans les aliments h en juger par le retour d la normale observ6 au terme de 1'exp6rience de six semaines.

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Detection of fusarin C and trichothecenes inFusarium strains from Spain

Cantalejo

Torondel

Amate

et al. 1999

J. Basic Microbiol.

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A group of 49 strains of Fusarium sp. isolated from different Spanish samples of cereals and mixed feedstuffs were screened for their ability to produce trichothecenes like T‐2 toxin (T‐2), HT‐2 toxin (HT‐2), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and deoxynivalenol (DN), as well as other mycotoxin produced by Fusarium named fusarin C. The production of these mycotoxins was analyzed by means of spectro‐photometry, thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC). Results showed that from 19 Fusarium strains in which cultures trichothe‐cene production was detected, 15 were HT‐2 producers, 9 T‐2 producers, 14 DAS producers and 10 DN producers. On the other hand, from 28 Fusarium strains in which cultures fusarin C production was detected, 22 were low fusarin C producers (ranged from 0.04 to 1 μg/l ICI medium), 5 Fusarium strains were intermediate‐level producers (ranged from 1 to 10 μg/l ICI medium) and one Fusarium strain produced 240 μg/l ICI medium. The identified Fusarium strains that produced trichothecenes and fusarin C were F. moniliforme and F. oxysporum.

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Analysis of Trichothecene Mycotoxins by Gas Chromatography with Electron-Capture Detection

Cited by 66 publications

References 35 publications

Growth, feed intake, survival, and histological response of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets containing grains naturally contaminated with aflatoxin

Growth, feed intake, survival, and histological response of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets containing grains naturally contaminated with aflatoxin

Effects of deoxynivalenol-contaminated diet on performance and blood parameters in growing swine

Detection of fusarin C and trichothecenes inFusarium strains from Spain

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