Canine hemorrhagic enteritis: Detection of viral particles by electron microscopy

Abstract

At necropsy, several dogs which died showing symptoms of hemorrhagic diarrhea, had significant lesions of the mucosa that were found especially in the duodenum and upper part of the small bowel. Study of ultrathin sections from the diseased mucosa revealed particles resembling parvoviruses in altered nuclei of cells of the intestinal crypts. Electron microscopic examination of intestinal contents by negative staining has shown the presence of many viral particles which have a diameter of 24 nm and whose profile is consistent with an icosahedral shape. These virions float at a density of 1.43 g/cm3 in cesium chloride and agglutinate rhesus monkey and swine red blood cells at 4 degrees C. A possible etiological role is discussed. This virus is compared with the minute virus of canines and the Feline Panleukopenia virus.

Canine Parvovirus: Current Perspective

“…A small, round, non-enveloped virus was observed by electron microscopy in stool specimens and in tissues of affected animals. Subsequently, a novel parvovirus was isolated both in canine and feline cell cultures [1,8,41]. The virus was named CPV-2.…”

“…The diagnostic tests which were employed earlier include HA (Haemagglutination) [9], Electron Microscopy (EM) [8], virus isolation using in MDCK, CRFK or A 72 cell line [2], Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) [53], Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) [1], Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT), CIE test [76], Virus neutralization test, PCR and RE digestion [56,71], real time PCR [19], loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) [34], nucleic acid hybridization or dot blot, in situ hybridization, nucleic acid sequencing etc. [15,59], but they have varying degree of sensitivity and specificity and sometimes yielding false positive cases.…”

“…During acute illness, parvoviral virions are readily demonstrated in faeces by negative staining and use of electron microscopy [8,50]. Specific identification of CPV may be made using IEM, employing antibodies to CPV or FPV [8].…”

Fine mapping of canine parvovirus B cell epitopes

“…CPV, first isolated in 1978 (Appel et al, 1979;Burtonboy et al, 1979), is believed to have arisen as a natural host-range variant of feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV). Reports on protein and DNA sequences, and serological studies show extensive antigenic and genetic similarity between CPV, FPLV, mink enteritis virus and raccoon parvovirus (Carlson et al, 1985;Flower et al, 1980;Tratschin et al, 1982;Parrish et al, 1982Parrish et al, , 1988Reed et al, 1988).…”

Evaluation of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays based on monoclonal antibodies for the serology and antigen detection in canine parvovirus infections

“…For the demonstration of CPV or CPV antigen in faecal samples, haemagglutination (HA) assays, electronmicroscopy (EM) and virus isolation in cell cultures proved te be useful procedures (3,4,6). For the quantitation of CPV-specific antibodies, virus-neutralisation (VN) and haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assays have been commonly used (4,14).…”