Candida albicans Isolates 529L and CHN1 Exhibit Stable Colonization of the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract

McDonough, Liam; Mishra, Animesh Anand; Tosini, Nicholas L.; Kakade, Pallavi; Penumutchu, Swathi; Liang, Shen-Huan; Maufrais, Corrine; Zhai, Bing; Taur, Ying; Belenky, Peter; Bennett, Richard J.; Hohl, Tobias M.; Koh, Andrew Y.; Ene, Iuliana V.

doi:10.1128/mbio.02878-21

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…albicans isolates display multiple phenotypic differences when analysing them in isolation, a strain’s lifestyle at the host interface is the result of the combination of all traits and in dependence of the niche environment. This has also been highlighted by a recent study of the Ene, Koh and Hohl labs, which in a joint effort demonstrated that multiparametric strain-intrinsic factors rather than lab- or animal facility-dependent parameters account for the commensal lifestyle of isolates [ 53 ]. Moreover, colonization of the mucosal niche by a particular strain is not readily predictable from the in vitro analysis of individual features of that strain [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida albicans commensalism in the oral mucosa is favoured by limited virulence and metabolic adaptation

et al. 2022

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As part of the human microbiota, the fungus Candida albicans colonizes the oral cavity and other mucosal surfaces of the human body. Commensalism is tightly controlled by complex interactions of the fungus and the host to preclude fungal elimination but also fungal overgrowth and invasion, which can result in disease. As such, defects in antifungal T cell immunity render individuals susceptible to oral thrush due to interrupted immunosurveillance of the oral mucosa. The factors that promote commensalism and ensure persistence of C. albicans in a fully immunocompetent host remain less clear. Using an experimental model of C. albicans oral colonization in mice we explored fungal determinants of commensalism in the oral cavity. Transcript profiling of the oral isolate 101 in the murine tongue tissue revealed a characteristic metabolic profile tailored to the nutrient poor conditions in the stratum corneum of the epithelium where the fungus resides. Metabolic adaptation of isolate 101 was also reflected in enhanced nutrient acquisition when grown on oral mucosa substrates. Persistent colonization of the oral mucosa by C. albicans also correlated inversely with the capacity of the fungus to induce epithelial cell damage and to elicit an inflammatory response. Here we show that these immune evasive properties of isolate 101 are explained by a strong attenuation of a number of virulence genes, including those linked to filamentation. De-repression of the hyphal program by deletion or conditional repression of NRG1 abolished the commensal behaviour of isolate 101, thereby establishing a central role of this factor in the commensal lifestyle of C. albicans in the oral niche of the host.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida albicans commensalism in the oral mucosa is favoured by limited virulence and metabolic adaptation

et al. 2022

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“…One limitation of the present study was the use of one clinical isolate and one ATCC strain of C. albicans only. However, C. albicans has displayed a wide range of intraspecies variations and phenotypic properties [ 35 ], which may impact the susceptibility to cell-free supernatants obtained from the culture of probiotics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticandidal and Antibiofilm Effect of Synbiotics including Probiotics and Inulin-Type Fructans

García‐Gamboa¹,

Domínguez-Simi²,

Gradilla‐Hernández

et al. 2022

Antibiotics

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Background: There is great interest in the search for new alternatives to antimicrobial drugs, and the use of synbiotics is a promising approach to this problem. This study evaluated the growth inhibition and antibiofilm activity of the short-chain fatty acids produced by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Pediococcus acidilactici in combination with inulin-type fructans against Candida albicans. Methods: The growth inhibition of Candida was evaluated using microdilution analysis in 96-well microtiter plates; different concentrations of cell-free supernatants of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Pediococcus acidilactici were exposed to Candida albicans. The antibiofilm assessment was carried out using the crystal violet staining assay. The short-chain fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. Results: The clinically isolated Candida albicans interacted with supernatants from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Pediococcus acidilactici and showed significant growth inhibition and antibiofilm formation versus the controls. Lactate and acetic acid were elevated in the supernatants. The results suggest that the supernatants obtained from the synbiotic combinations of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Pediococcus acidilactici with inulin-type fructans can inhibit the growth and biofilm formation against a clinically isolated Candida albicans strain. Conclusions: These results suggest that synbiotic formulations could be a promising alternative to antifungal drugs in candidiasis therapy.

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“…Genetically distinct isolates differ in their phenotype such as the degree of filamentation, expression of virulence factors, the induction of epithelial cell damage or the degree of inflammation-induced at the host interface. These phenotypic variations translate in differential outcomes of the interaction with the host as evidenced when probing genetically distinct isolates in model hosts which exclude any inter-individual differences on the host side prior to infection 20 , 79 , 82 – 84 . From studying large sets of isolates it became clear that the high-virulent strain SC5314, which is broadly used in in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, is a poor colonizer of mucosal surfaces in immunocompetent hosts 20 , 85 and thereby represents rather an outlier than the norm within the species of C. albicans 20 .…”

Section: Effects Of the Adaptive Antifungal Immunity On The Intraspec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, C. albicans infections and immune responses should be studied in colonized animals rather than naïve and acutely infected mice. In this line, commensal isolates, which are able to colonize fully immunocompetent animals 20 , 84 should be used to closely mimic scenarios seen in patients.…”

Section: Concluding Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosurveillance of Candida albicans commensalism by the adaptive immune system

Swidergall

LeibundGut‐Landmann

2022

Mucosal Immunology

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The fungal microbiota (mycobiota) is an integral part of the microbial community colonizing the body surfaces and is involved in many key aspects of human physiology, while an imbalance of the fungal communities, termed fungal dysbiosis, has been described in pathologies ranging from infections to inflammatory bowel disease. Commensal organisms, such as the fungus Candida albicans, induce antigen-specific immune responses that maintain immune homeostasis. Adaptive immune mechanisms are vital in this process, while deficiencies in adaptive immunity are linked to fungal infections. We start to understand the mechanisms by which a shift in mycobiota composition, in particular in C. albicans abundance, is linked to immunopathological conditions. This review discusses the mechanisms that ensure continuous immunosurveillance of C. albicans during mucosal colonization, how these protective adaptive immune responses can also promote immunopathology, and highlight therapeutic advances against C. albicans-associated disease.

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Candida albicans Isolates 529L and CHN1 Exhibit Stable Colonization of the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract

Cited by 26 publications

References 94 publications

Candida albicans commensalism in the oral mucosa is favoured by limited virulence and metabolic adaptation

Candida albicans commensalism in the oral mucosa is favoured by limited virulence and metabolic adaptation

Anticandidal and Antibiofilm Effect of Synbiotics including Probiotics and Inulin-Type Fructans

Immunosurveillance of Candida albicans commensalism by the adaptive immune system

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