Candesartan improves memory decline in mice: Involvement of AT1 receptors in memory deficit induced by intracerebral streptozotocin

What have we learned from the streptozotocin-induced animal model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, about the therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer’s research

“…given for 14 days following STZ-icv injection to mice, significantly improved latency period in passive avoidance test, and spatial memory in water maze test, but only in higher dose (Tota et al 2009). Treatment with higher (0.1 mg/kg) dose of candesartan decreased oxidative stress (MDA and GSH) and free radicals, and restored increased AChE activity (Tota et al 2009).…”

“…given for 14 days following STZ-icv injection to mice, significantly improved latency period in passive avoidance test, and spatial memory in water maze test, but only in higher dose (Tota et al 2009). Treatment with higher (0.1 mg/kg) dose of candesartan decreased oxidative stress (MDA and GSH) and free radicals, and restored increased AChE activity (Tota et al 2009). Intranasal treatment of the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse AD model of AD with losartan, angiotensin II receptor antagonist (10 mg/kg every other day for 2 months), using at a dosage far below its systemic antihypertensive dose, exerted direct neuroprotective effects via its Aβ-reducing and anti-inflammatory effects in the central nervous system Beta blockers have been tested in AD clinical trials for the efficacy in reducing the disruptive behaviour, but not the cognitive improvement (Peskind et al 2005).…”

Protective effect ofCnestis ferrugineaand its active constituent on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice: A behavioral and biochemical study

“…The shock was not delivered in the retention trials to avoid reacquisition. The criterion for learning was taken as an increase in the TLT on retention trials as compared to acquisition trial Tota et al, 2009Tota et al, , 2010.…”

Combretum mucronatumandCapparis thonningiiprevent scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice

“…In this study, mice were subjected to the passive avoidance test as described by Tota et al (2009). Briefly, on the 1st day, in the acquisition trial, the mice were gently placed into the illuminated compartment (light intensity of 8) [scale from 0 to 10 (brightest)] in a computerized shuttle box provided with a software program PACS 30 (Columbus Instruments, Ohio, USA)], facing away from the dark compartment.…”

“…The apparatus for Morris water maze including a video tracking device were purchased from Columbus instruments (Ohio, USA). We followed the methodology of Morris water maze described by Tota et al (2009). Briefly, the acquisition and retention of a spatial navigation task was examined using a Morris water maze.…”