Cancer Treatment by Caryophyllaceae-Type Cyclopeptides

Abstract

Cancer is one of the leading diseases, which, in the most cases, ends with death and, thus, continues to be a major concern in human beings worldwide. The conventional anticancer agents used in the clinic often face resistance among many cancer diseases. Moreover, heavy financial costs preclude patients from continuing treatment. Bioactive peptides, active in several diverse areas against man’s health problems, such as infection, pain, hypertension, and so on, show the potential to be effective in cancer treatment and may offer promise as better candidates for combating cancer. Cyclopeptides, of natural or synthetic origin, have several advantages over other drug molecules with low toxicity and low immunogenicity, and they are easily amenable to several changes in their sequences. Given their many demanded homologues, they have created new hope of discovering better compounds with desired properties in the field of challenging cancer diseases. Caryophyllaceae-type cyclopeptides show several biological activities, including cancer cytotoxicity. These cyclopeptides have been discovered in several plant families but mainly are from the Caryophyllaceae family. In this review, a summary of biological activities found for these cyclopeptides is given; the focus is on the anticancer findings of these peptides. Among these cyclopeptides, information about Dianthins (including Longicalycinin A), isolated from different species of Caryophyllaceae, as well as their synthetic analogues is detailed. Finally, by comparing their structures and cytotoxic activities, finding the common figures of these kinds of cyclopeptides as well as their possible future place in the clinic for cancer treatment is put forward.

Prostate cancer therapy personalization via multi-modal deep learning on randomized phase III clinical trials

“…This system is based on digital rectal examination of the prostate, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and tumor biopsy grade assessed by histopathology. This three-tier system forms the basis of treatment recommendations used for localized prostate cancer throughout the world 4 , but has repeatedly been shown to have suboptimal prognostic and discriminatory performance 5 . This in part is due to the subjective and non-specific nature of the core variables in these models.…”

Dianthiamides A–E, Proline-Containing Orbitides from Dianthus chinensis

“…Recently, it has been reported that cyclic peptides isolated from the genus Dianthus exhibited cytotoxic activity against several cancer cell lines [ 5 , 6 , 18 ]. Therefore, all isolates were tested for their cytotoxic activity against human non-small cell lung cancer A549 and human stomach adenocarcinoma MKN-28 cells, with docetaxel as a positive control.…”

“…Orbitides are ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified cyclic peptides, which have been discovered in many plants of the families such as Annonaceae, Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Linaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Rutaceae, Schizandraceae, and Verbenaceae. Recently, orbitides have gained increasing attention owed to a wide range of biological activities including cytotoxic, antimalarial, immunomodulatory, and antiproliferative activities [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The Dianthus genus is a rich source of proline-containing orbitides, some of which showed cytotoxic activity against several cancer cell lines [ 5 , 6 , 18 , 20 ].…”

“…Recently, orbitides have gained increasing attention owed to a wide range of biological activities including cytotoxic, antimalarial, immunomodulatory, and antiproliferative activities [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The Dianthus genus is a rich source of proline-containing orbitides, some of which showed cytotoxic activity against several cancer cell lines [ 5 , 6 , 18 , 20 ]. Therefore, we have embarked on a research program for the isolation of new bioactive orbitides from medicinal plant, and five undescribed orbitides, dianthiamides A–E ( 1 – 5 ) ( Figure 1 ), were isolated from a MeOH extract of the whole plants of the D. chinensis .…”

Prostate cancer therapy personalization via multi-modal deep learning on randomized phase III clinical trials

“…3 Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. 5 NRG Oncology Biospecimen Bank, San Francisco, CA, USA.…”