Cancer cachexia

Gordon, JN; Green, S.R.; Goggin, Patrick

doi:10.1093/qjmed/hci127

Cited by 105 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…When sarcopenia develops along with the progression of cancer lesions, muscle mass decreases first, progressing further into cachexia and accompanied by a decrease in body weight and fat (37)(38)(39). However, the present study revealed that the progression of pathological conditions is reflected by decreased body fat in patients with pancreatobiliary tract cancer being treated with GEM-based chemotherapy.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…Muscles consist of skeletal muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac muscles, and only skeletal muscles may be increased through exercise. When the skeletal muscle mass decreases, less energy is consumed, resulting in a reduced basal metabolism (19)(20)(21)(22)37). The present findings demonstrated that, in patients with pancreatobiliary cancer, there is little change in the skeletal muscle rate compared to the body fat rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

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Measuring body composition using the bioelectrical impedance method can predict the outcomes of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in patients with pancreatobiliary tract cancer

et al. 2015

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Abstract. In order to examine the effect on body composition of anticancer drug treatments, the body composition rate in patients being treated with gemcitabine (GEM)-based chemotherapy was measured over time on an outpatient basis with a simple body composition monitor using the bioelectrical impedance (BI) method. The results revealed a significant reduction in the body fat rate (P=0.01) over the course of treatment in patients with pancreatobiliary tract cancer who became unable to continue GEM-based chemotherapy due to progressive disease or a decreased performance status. Meanwhile, no changes were observed in the body composition of control patients with urothelial carcinoma receiving GEM-based chemotherapy. In association with the adverse reactions to GEM and the hematotoxicity profile, a decreased white blood cell count was more likely to occur in body fat-dominant patients (mean fat rate, 25.8%; mean muscle rate, 26.2%), whereas a decreased blood platelet count was more likely to occur in skeletal muscle-dominant patients (mean fat rate, 23.3%; mean muscle rates, 28.7%). The correlation between body composition parameters and the relative dose intensity (RDI) associated with GEM administration was also analyzed. The results revealed a positive correlation between the RDI and basal metabolism amount (P=0.03); however, the RDI did not correlate with the body fat rate, skeletal muscle rate or body mass index (P=0.61, P=0.14 and P=0.20, respectively).In conclusion, the body composition rate measurement using the BI method over time may be useful for predicting the outcome of GEM-based chemotherapy and adverse events in patients with pancreatobiliary tract cancer. In particular, the present findings indicate that the changes in body fat rate may be helpful as an adjunct index for assessing potential continuation of chemotherapy and changes in physical conditions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Measuring body composition using the bioelectrical impedance method can predict the outcomes of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in patients with pancreatobiliary tract cancer

et al. 2015

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“…Recently, cachexia has been defined as ‘a complex metabolic syndrome associated with underlying illness and characterized by loss of muscle with or without loss of fat mass’ 6. Other features of cachexia are chronic inflammation, poor appetite, decreased muscle strength, and fatigue 7, 8…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of different muscle mass measurements on the diagnosis of cancer cachexia

Blauwhoff‐Buskermolen

Langius

Becker

et al. 2017

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundProgressive loss of muscle mass is a major characteristic of cancer cachexia. Consensus definitions for cachexia provide different options to measure muscle mass. This study describes the effect of different methods to determine muscle mass on the diagnosis of cancer cachexia. In addition, the association of cachexia with other features of cachexia, quality of life, and survival was explored.MethodsPrior to chemotherapy, cachexia was assessed by weight loss, body mass index, and muscle mass measurements, the latter by mid‐upper arm muscle area (MUAMA), computed tomography (CT) scans, and bio‐electrical impedance analysis (BIA). In addition, appetite, inflammation, muscle strength, fatigue, quality of life, and survival were measured, and associations with cachexia were explored.ResultsIncluded were 241 patients with advanced cancer of the lung (36%), colon/rectum (31%), prostate (18%), or breast (15%). Mean age was 64 ± 10 years; 54% was male. Prevalence of low muscle mass was as follows: 13% with MUAMA, 59% with CT, and 93% with BIA. In turn, the prevalence of cachexia was 37, 43, and 48%, whereby weight loss >5% was the most prominent component of being defined cachectic. Irrespective of type of muscle measurement, patients with cachexia presented more often with anorexia, inflammation, low muscle strength, and fatigue and had lower quality of life. Patients with cachexia had worse overall survival compared with patients without cachexia: HRs 2.00 (1.42–2.83) with MUAMA, 1.64 (1.15–2.34) with CT, and 1.50 (1.05–2.14) with BIA.ConclusionsAlthough the prevalence of low muscle mass in patients with cancer depended largely on the type of muscle measurement, this had little influence on the diagnosis of cancer cachexia (as the majority of patients was already defined cachectic based on weight loss). New studies are warranted to further elucidate the additional role of muscle measurements in the diagnosis of cachexia and the association with clinical outcomes.

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“…Cachexia is a syndrome that includes wasting of bodily energy reserves and is characterized by loss of muscle with or without loss of fat mass (1). It has been reported that skeletal muscle in tumor-bearing mice decreases as a consequence of tumor growth (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Supplementation with Isoflavones Prevents Muscle Wasting in Tumor-Bearing Mice

Hirasaka

Saito

Yamaguchi

et al. 2016

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Proinfl ammatory cytokines contribute to the progression of muscle wasting caused by ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent proteolysis. We have previously demonstrated that isofl avones, such as genistein and daidzein, prevent TNF-␣-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. In this study, we examined the effect of dietary fl avonoids on the wasting of muscle. Mice were divided into the following four groups: vehicle-injected (control) mice fed the normal diet (CN); tumor-bearing mice fed the normal diet (TN); control mice fed the isofl avone diet (CI); and tumor-bearing mice fed the isofl avone diet (TI). There were no significant differences in the intake of food or body weight gain among these four groups. The wet weight and myofi ber size of gastrocnemius muscle in TN signifi cantly decreased, compared with those in CN. Interestingly, the wet weight and myofi ber size of gastrocnemius muscle in TI were nearly the same as those in CN and CI, although isofl avone supplementation did not affect the increased tumor mass or concentrations of proinfl ammatory cytokines, such as TNF-␣ and IL-6, in the blood. Moreover, increased expression of muscle-specifi c ubiquitin ligase genes encoding MAFbx/Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in the skeletal muscle of TN was signifi cantly inhibited by the supplementation of isofl avones. In parallel with the expression of muscle-specifi c ubiquitin ligases, dietary isofl avones signifi cantly suppressed phosphorylation of ERK in tumor-bearing mice. These results suggest that dietary isofl avones improve muscle wasting in tumor-bearing mice via the ERK signaling pathway mediated-suppression of ubiquitin ligases in muscle cells.

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Cancer cachexia

Cited by 105 publications

References 75 publications

Measuring body composition using the bioelectrical impedance method can predict the outcomes of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in patients with pancreatobiliary tract cancer

Measuring body composition using the bioelectrical impedance method can predict the outcomes of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in patients with pancreatobiliary tract cancer

The influence of different muscle mass measurements on the diagnosis of cancer cachexia

Dietary Supplementation with Isoflavones Prevents Muscle Wasting in Tumor-Bearing Mice

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