Population density of methanogens in moist paddy field soil during the cultivation period of rice was usually at the order of 105 MPN g−1 (dry soil). When the soil was air-dried and preserved under oxic condition, the population of methanogens decreased to about one fourth of that in the original moist soil after four months of storage. The population density of methanogens in the air-dried soil, however, did not decrease significantly during the following storage and the population in the soil after two years was almost identical to that in the soil preserved for four months. The population of anaerobic bacteria in the air-dried soil was 34% of that in the original moist soil after two years and that of aerobic bactertia was about 1 to 3%. When slurries of various air-dried paddy field soils which were preserved for different times were incubated anaerobically in the presence of added methanogenic substrates, production of methane usually proceeded actively. When these air-dried paddy field soils were heated at various temperatures for different times and the slurries of the soils were incubated anaerobically in the same way, it was shown that methanogens surviving in the air-dried paddy field soils could withstand temperatures up to 105°c for 10hrs or 140°c for 30 min. H2-producing bacteria in the air-dried soils also endured almost the same level of heat treatment.
The lipB gene encoding an extracellular lipase, LipB, from Bacillus subtilis was fused to the 5P-terminal region of the cwlB gene encoding the cell wall-binding domain of the major cell wall hydrolase (autolysin). SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and zymography revealed that the fused protein is localized in the B. subtilis cell wall fraction and retains lipase activity. ß
This study aimed to clarify psychosocial influences of waiting periods on patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection for cancer at an advanced medical care facility in Japan. Subjects were consenting patients hospitalized from 2009 to 2010. Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered about patients' characteristics, disease and stage, and waiting period. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze free statements and interview data. Subjects included 154 patients with an average wait period of 46.28 days for admission. Qualitative analysis revealed the following wait period perceptions. For calmness, results indicated (1) no anxiety, (2) relief based on doctors' positive judgment, (3) whatever happens/no choice, and (4) trust in doctor. For uneasiness, perceptions included (1) the sooner, the better/eagerly waiting, (2) anxiety and concern, and (3) emotional instability. Four waiting period coping types were identified: (1) making phone inquiries, (2) busy and forgot about the medical procedure, (3) relief from anxiety, and (4) unable to function well in daily life. Patients need to be educated about cancer progression and provided an estimated wait time. They also require more information about how to manage daily life such as monitoring factors from the nursing domain including physical condition, digestive symptoms, diet, and exercise.
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