Can degradation products released from dental implants affect peri‐implant tissues?

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the literature available on the effects, on peri-implant tissues, of degradation products released from dental implants as a consequence of therapeutic treatment for peri-implantitis and/or of wear-corrosion of titanium. A literature review of the PubMed medline database was performed up to December 31, 2016. The following search terms were used: "titanium wear and dental implant"; "titanium corrosion and dental implant"; "bio-tribocorrosion"; "peri-implantitis"; "treatment of periimplantitis"; "titanium particles release and dental implant"; and "titanium ion release and dental implant". The keywords were applied to the database in different combinations without limits of time period or type of work. In addition, the reference lists of relevant articles were searched for further studies. Seventy-nine relevant scientific articles on the topic were retrieved. The results showed that pro-inflammatory cytokines, infiltration of inflammatory response cells and activation of the osteoclasts activity are stimulated in peri-implant tissues in the presence of metal particles and ions. Moreover, degenerative changes were reported in macrophages and neutrophils that phagocytosed titanium microparticles, and mutations occurred in human cells cultured in medium containing titanium-based nanoparticles. Debris released from the degradation of dental implants has cytotoxic and genotoxic potential for peri-implant tissues. Thus, the amount and physicochemical properties of the degradation products determine the magnitude of the detrimental effect on peri-implant tissues. K E Y W O R D Sbio-tribocorrosion, debris, peri-implantitis, titanium ions, wear

Citric acid reduces oral biofilm and influences the electrochemical behavior of titanium: Anin situandin vitrostudy

“…Peri‐implant tissues are sensitive not only to biofilm, but also to particles and debris released from implant materials. The degradation of dental implants can trigger an inflammatory response in the peri‐implant tissues, with consequent bone resorption . This degradation can result from several factors, among them acid solutions that can turn the environment acidic and influence the material's corrosive kinetics, disrupting its passivity .…”

“…Moreover, citric acid seems to dissolve the oxide layer when the acid is applied under abrasion . Further, the degradation of the implant oxide film can influence the electrochemical behavior of titanium, leading to its corrosion and favoring the release of particles and debris that may cause severe outcomes to surrounding tissue . So far, no study has performed an in‐depth analysis of the corrosion kinetics of titanium after the application of 40% citric acid, concentration used by previous studies.…”

Custom‐made root‐analogue zirconia implants: A scoping review on mechanical and biological benefits

“…Dental implants are currently used to replace missing teeth . However, growing concerns regarding aesthetics, titanium hypersensitivity, and corrosion by gradual material degradation encourage further research into highly esthetic and biocompatible alternatives . Nowadays, patients look for esthetic ceramic restorations.…”

Surface damage of dental implant systems and ions release after exposure to fluoride and hydrogen peroxide

“…Additionally, the presence of wear debris and ions resultant from degradation process combined with biofilm accumulation can induce peri‐implant inflammation that can decrease the long‐term success of implant‐supported prostheses . The degradation of titanium promotes the release of ions that are deposited on surrounding human tissues and carried into the bloodstream providing cytotoxicity among other adverse effects …”